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MTM Analyses with AI and Rule-Based Algorithms

MTM Analyses with AI and Rule-Based Algorithms

An approach to interpreting textual process descriptions
Constantin Eckart ORCID Icon, Martin Benter, Peter Kuhlang
MTM methods are a proven standard for analyzing and designing human work processes. However, work planners continue to face challenges in applying these methods correctly and efficiently. Artificial intelligence — particularly in the case of large language models — holds significant potential for combatting these challenges. However, the use of AI raises legitimate questions regarding the reliability and traceability of the results. The approach presented here combines LLMs with a rule-based algorithm to extract the information required for MTM analyses from textual process descriptions such as work instructions. This information is then translated into MTM analyses in accordance with the MTM methodology. This approach ensures that the resulting analyses can be transparently traced back to the original input data by the user.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 5 | Pages 62-69 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.5.7
Foundation Models in Industrial Robotics

Foundation Models in Industrial Robotics

Requirements for AI-supported assistance in production and logistics
Bernd Kuhlenkötter ORCID Icon, Daniel Syniawa ORCID Icon
Foundation models are increasingly changing the way robots are used in industry. Instead of writing complex programs line by line, programmers will soon be able to collaborate more closely with AI systems, describe tasks, and review generated solutions. This shifts their role from purely generating code to conceptual, supervisory, and validation activities. This article highlights the new possibilities that large AI models create for robot programming and the changes they entail for work and required skills in industrial practice.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 5 | Pages 16-23 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.5.2
AI-Driven Organization as a New Work Paradigm

AI-Driven Organization as a New Work Paradigm

Implications for individual and organizational change
Katharina Hölzle ORCID Icon, Leonie Krauch, Wolfgang Beinhauer ORCID Icon, Carsten Schmidt, Josephine Hofmann ORCID Icon
Is it sufficient to train employees in the use of AI tools, or does the AI organization require an entirely new set of competencies? This paper introduces a digital enablement model comprising three competency dimensions and demonstrates, through an upskilling program implemented at the Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, how organizations can sustainably bridge the AI adoption gap.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 5 | Pages 94-100 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.5.11
Designing Effective AI Certification

Designing Effective AI Certification

Insights from established certification domains for the standardization of human-centered AI
Katharina Morsch ORCID Icon
Certification for human-centered AI is becoming increasingly important—as a source of competitive differentiation, a response to regulatory expectations, and a mechanism for fostering human-centered work environments. But how can organizations determine whether the underlying requirements are truly embedded in practice? Drawing on expert interviews from established certification domains, this paper shows that the decisive question is answered not during the audit itself, but in the period between audit cycles. Ultimately, it is not the certificate that matters, but the commitment of organizational leadership and the organization as a whole to engage seriously in the certification process and its continuous implementation.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 5 | Pages 86-92 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.4.10
I4S 4/2026: Dynamics of Digitally Networked Value Creation Systems

I4S 4/2026: Dynamics of Digitally Networked Value Creation Systems

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts—exploring digital ecosystems together
Digital platforms and data spaces are transforming industrial value creation and creating new opportunities for cross-organizational collaboration. At the same time, new requirements are emerging regarding data sovereignty, security, and governance. This issue of Industry 4.0 Science provides insights into the DynaVer research program, in which 15 interdisciplinary projects are investigating the dynamics of digitally networked value creation systems.
Cooperation Routines of Complementors in Digital Ecosystems

Cooperation Routines of Complementors in Digital Ecosystems

A microfoundation of integrative dynamic capability
Christian Zabel ORCID Icon, Tahir Schmidt ORCID Icon
Complementors are central to value creation in digital ecosystems yet have limited leverage and must adapt through dynamic capabilities. Building on the Profiting From Innovation Framework, this study examines how integrative capabilities manifest for complementors through cooperative routines. Based on a systematic literature review of Scopus-indexed studies from 2020 to mid-2025 focusing on the microfoundation “orchestrating ecosystem actors”, we identify two routine clusters. Complementors cooperate with other complementors via partner sensing, scouting, coalitions, resource sharing, and risk allocation while protecting critical assets. They cooperate with platform owners via multichannel boundary spanning, quality signaling, governance compliance, boundary resource integration, and co-development, while facing the risk of owner entry. Research gaps concern the formalization of cooperation routines, taxonomy, and B2B contexts.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 4 | Pages 22-28 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.4.3
Data-Driven Supplier Selection in Industry 4.0

Data-Driven Supplier Selection in Industry 4.0

Towards an industrial platform for selection and configuration
Purushothaman Ganesh ORCID Icon, Baris E. Albayrak ORCID Icon, Jörg Franke ORCID Icon, Till Sindel ORCID Icon, Jens Fürst, Sebastian Lang ORCID Icon
Industrial supply chains must repeatedly reconfigure sourcing strategies in response to disruptions, yet supplier capability information remains heterogeneous and difficult to operationalize. Existing research addresses supplier selection, simulation, and interoperability standards separately, treating discovery, evaluation, and optimization as disconnected steps requiring manual data transformation. This paper presents a framework for a data-driven industrial platform integrating three components: Asset Administration Shell-based supplier profiles structured by an Actor-Service ontology for semantic discovery, automatic discrete-event simulation model generation from layout data for performance evaluation, and KPI-driven configuration using optimization algorithms. The main contributions are an end-to-end interoperable workflow, a two-tier supplier profile concept separating semantic descriptions from simulation parameters, and a standardized KPI interface maintaining consistency ...
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 4 | Pages 50-61 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.4.6
Replacing Organizational Trust with Technical Guarantees

Replacing Organizational Trust with Technical Guarantees

Privacy-enhancing technologies for dynamic industrial value networks
Hajeong Jeon ORCID Icon, Johannes Lohmöller ORCID Icon, Klaus Wehrle ORCID Icon, Jan Pennekamp ORCID Icon
Long-term relationships are now insufficient to ensure trust in digitalized and dynamic industrial networks where sensitive data sharing is prevalent. While organizational trust mechanisms, such as contracts, remain significant, they are often slow and challenging to scale within evolving digital platforms. This article thus proposes privacy-enhancing technologies as a foundation for embedding technical and verifiable guarantees alongside organizational trust mechanisms. As a result, secure industrial collaboration can be achieved without the persistence of data silos.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 4 | Pages 72-80 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.4.8
Open Source as Enabler for Smart Data Ecosystems

Open Source as Enabler for Smart Data Ecosystems

How collaboration shapes sovereignty and interoperability across industrial applications
Anna Maria Schleimer ORCID Icon, Julia Pampus ORCID Icon
From automotive supply chains to smart factories, data ecosystems promise seamless collaboration across company boundaries. But how can industries build the necessary infrastructure without creating new dependencies? This article explores how open-source software can serve as a foundation and impactful tool for sovereign, interoperable technologies and standards. Yet, open-source software is not a silver bullet; rather, it poses challenges for digital sovereignty in burgeoning data ecosystems.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 4 | Pages 6-13 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.4.1
Industrial Platforms for the Analysis of Decision Dynamics

Industrial Platforms for the Analysis of Decision Dynamics

An agent-based modeling approach
Jasmijn Stoffels, Norbert Gronau ORCID Icon
Industrial platforms are fundamentally transforming the organization and structure of value creation. Beyond serving as intermediaries that connect machine manufacturers, suppliers, and service providers, they enable data-driven decision-making in production while fostering innovation in product development. In doing so, they create new opportunities for collaboration and value creation through enhanced connectivity and interaction across the platform ecosystem.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 4 | Pages 30-40 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.4.4
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