Simulation

Planning, design and continuous improvement of today’s complex corporate structures and technical systems require a sophisticated level of extensive know-ledge of technology, processes and IT. To apply planning and simulation tools effectively and efficiently engineers and plant operators have to rise to the challenge to use their knowledge in a goal-oriented way and to expand it within creative processes. Consequently, knowledge is more than ever a key productivity factor and an important component of corporate capital. Against this background, the article discusses possibilities for systematization and standardization in simulation studies and especially approaches to increase productivity in simulation studies by supplying assistance functions as well as systematic evaluation methodologies.

Handling complexity is one of the key topics of producing enterprises worldwide. It can be noted that enterprises are indeed able to coop with the complexity of single processes due to a function-oriented organisation, yet the same organisational paradigm leads to local objective systems that in many cases are contrary to the global goals of the enterprise. The same problem is reflected and supported by the enterprise’s IT systems. Thus, in this paper we present an approach to convert the inflexible function oriented operations into comprehensive processes by introducing special IT systems, so-called logistic assistance systems. To illustrate the approach we introduce the problem of integrated order sequencing and transport planning in the automotive industry and present a prototypical solution.

In view of the demographic changes, questions arise about the long-term development of the performance of work systems with an aging workforce. These questions are especially urgent if work systems with predominantly mental demands should be operated for many years. The simulation tool ESPE-AS can help to forecast the development of the performance of a work system with the given workforce for future periods. This paper describes a first approach of this simulation-based planning method and illustrates it using the routine activities for creating operations plans.

Due to dynamics and complexity within production and delivery networks, customer demands are often highly volatile. In order to achieve a well-founded production planning and control, future customer demands have to be predicted precisely. Classical statistical forecasting methods are often easy to apply but are not able to react on dynamic effects within the data. Methods of nonlinear dynamics consider qualitative in addition to quantitative information within past order data to find possible deterministic structures and, as a result, to achieve better forecasts of the future. This article deals with the development of a data base containing recommendations to choose suitable prediction methods in different situations.

Container terminals are complex logistics systems. In order to achieve highly productive processes and an efficient assignment of the resources, optimization methods and simulation modeling are employed in practice. Based on a case study from the Container-Terminal Altenwerder in Hamburg, this contribution demonstrates how simulation and optimization can be applied to improve the processes related to reefer container handling. We show that optimization methods improve the efficiency of the reefer mechanic operations and how simulation models can support the development and evaluation of such methods in practice.

Virtual prototypes become more and more relevant in product development since they permit the early testing of machines and include the customer in the product development process. Virtual prototyping can help to decrease costs in service, development and sales as well as marketing. Hence, the creation of virtual prototypes is still a resource insensitive project. This article presents the results of the research project “INPROVY”. The approach uses a model based method for systematic creation of simulation models. It includes the product management perspective of simulation models and uses reference models for higher reuse. Based on a mobile construction vehicle, the creation of various simulation models and the management of product variants are discussed.

In the research project LUPO a hybrid simulation laboratory is build up. This combines the advantages of the computer simulation with those of a model factory. For the systematic recording, mapping and analysis of various production processes a procedure model has been created that responds to the special requirements (quick, flexible, effortless determination of informative results) of the project. A library of production objects facilitates the reutilisa tion of existing machines and hereby a reduction of simulation effort.

Changeability is the capability of an organization to establish changes with a lasting effect. The possibility to correctly plan and create changeability of an organization already in the phase of plan-ning is an essential factor to be taken into account when considering changeable logistics systems. For this reason there is a need for conceptual change of established planning methods. In the context of discrete-event simulation, as an established planning method, the modular design of simulation models may be a first step to include changeability into model-based analysis. Against this background, This article discusses possibilities to build modular simulation models and shows how this modular design can be used in practice.

Due to the increasing energy demand in Brazil renewable energy sources become more and more important. In addition to hydropower which is already used in Brazil there is a high potential for wind energy. In particular the coastal regions in Northern Brazil have great potential for using wind turbines. Modern wind turbines show a clear tendency for larger more powerful and economic usage. But the limits of the physical feasibility are reached. A weight reduction while increasing the maintenance-free operation time is the problem to be solved by a Brazilian-German research team. The Institute of Metal Forming, RWTH Aachen develops a solution with regard to the lightweight construction of generator shafts for large wind turbines within the “Brazilian German Collaborative Research Initiative in Manufacturing Technology” (BRAGECRIM) together with the “Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Porto Alegre, Brazil).

This study deals with the problem of collaborative maritime transportation between manufactured export industries and maritime carriers as well as its relationships polices applied to the Brazilian case. The general maritime exportation mechanism is very comprehensive and complex with several variables (volumes, capacity of the ships, prices, maritime fees) and agents such as industries and carriers. To understand the patterns of transition from the system and its long-term behaviour, the System Dynamics’ approach is presented in order to start modelling the problem. This method allows improving the analysis of the global behaviour of the export network. For further implementation, some recommendations are given.