Training

MAKI—A Digital Assistant for Practice-Based Learning

MAKI—A Digital Assistant for Practice-Based Learning

Why every factory is a learning factory
Olaf Resch ORCID Icon
With the help of digital assistants, academic teaching is possible in any factory. In order to achieve the best learning effects, however, the interests of all stakeholders must be taken into account. The factory wishes to deploy its employees quickly and productively, the learners desire a positive learning experience, and the educators want to illustrate abstract concepts in a meaningful and practical way. The only way to combine all of these perspectives is via a well-thought-out educational concept and highly functioning technology.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 2 | Pages 70-77
Conducting Experiments in Hybrid Learning Factories

Conducting Experiments in Hybrid Learning Factories

The example of the InTraLab Potsdam
Industrial production is undergoing rapid transformation through digitalization, automation and cyber-physical systems, creating new competence requirements for employees. Learning factories provide experiential environments for developing these competences. This article presents the Industrial Transformation Lab (InTraLab) as a hybrid learning factory combining physical demonstrators and digital simulations.
Learning Factories for the Future of Manufacturing in Brazil

Learning Factories for the Future of Manufacturing in Brazil

Advancing manufacturing through technology and skills development
Manufacturing firms in developing countries face challenges in closing productivity gaps while adopting Industry 4.0 technologies. Learning factories are one helpful approach to countering these challenges. One such example is the learning factory Fábrica do Futuroin São Paulo, Brazil, which has engaged students, supported competence development, and collaborated with industry in applied research, functioning as a hub for advanced manufacturing initiatives.
Serious Gaming and the Energy Transition

Serious Gaming and the Energy Transition

Collaborative knowledge generation and interactive understanding of complex interrelationships
Janine Gondolf ORCID Icon, Gert Mehlmann, Jörn Hartung, Bernd Schweinshaut, Anne Bauer
Conveying the complexity and multifaceted nature of the energy transition to a broad audience is a challenge. This article demonstrates how interactive serious games on a multitouch table can help make connections tangible and comprehensible. The games and the table were used in various conversational contexts. These are presented here in three case vignettes based on participant observation of the different applications, as well as situated and shared reflection. The vignettes demonstrate how interaction can trigger epistemic processes, enable shifts in perspective, and foster collective thinking, all of which are necessary for shaping the future of society as a whole.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 2 | Pages 62-69
Industrial Transformation via a Machining Learning Factory

Industrial Transformation via a Machining Learning Factory

A learning module to foster competencies for a sustainability-driven transformation
Oskay Ozen ORCID Icon, Victoria Breidling ORCID Icon, Stefan Seyfried ORCID Icon, Matthias Weigold
Sustainability-enhancing transformation processes are necessary in all sectors if we are to remain within planetary boundaries. This also applies to the industrial sector as a significant emitter of greenhouse gases. Employees need new competencies to master this complex task of industrial transformation. These range from CO2 equivalents accounting to the development and evaluation of transformation scenarios, including technical measures. The learning module developed here addresses these competency requirements and uses the example of the ETA factory to show how a competency-oriented learning module for industrial transformation can be structured. It essentially comprises four phases: data collection and CO2 equivalents accounting, cause analysis, development of measures and evaluation of measures.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | Edition 2 | Pages 38-47 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.2.38
Experiencing Digital Twins in Production and Logistics

Experiencing Digital Twins in Production and Logistics

The fischertechnik® Learning Factory 4.0 as a development platform for possible expansion stages
Deike Gliem ORCID Icon, Sigrid Wenzel ORCID Icon, Jan Schickram, Tareq Albeesh
The fischertechnik® Learning Factory 4.0 has proven to be a suitable experimental environment for testing digital twins. Depending on the targeted maturity stage, the functions of a digital twin range from status monitoring and forecasting to the operational control of production and logistics systems. To systematically classify these functions, this article presents a maturity model that serves as a framework for the development of a digital twin. Building on this, selected use cases are implemented in a test and development environment based on a system architecture with multi-layered logic structure. These initial implementations serve to highlight application purposes, relevant methods, and typical challenges and potentials in the transfer to real factory environments.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | Edition 2 | Pages 30-37 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.2.30
AI Colleagues?

AI Colleagues?

Competence requirements and training for AI use in industry
Swetlana Franken ORCID Icon
Artificial intelligence is fundamentally changing tasks, roles, and skills in (industrial) companies. Increasingly, it acts as a colleague, preparing decisions, supporting processes, and interacting with people. This article highlights key competence requirements for AI use in industry, presents an integrated competence model, and outlines practical strategies for the transfer of skills. The aim is to prepare companies and employees for humane, competence-oriented AI implementation that combines technological efficiency with human creativity and judgment.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 2 | Pages 78-86
Building the Future Workforce Today

Building the Future Workforce Today

Trendiation as a strategic framework for employee qualification and training
Jürgen Fritz, Sebastian Busse, Ingo Dieckmann, Torsten Laub
As Industry 4.0 and artificial intelligence reshape organizational capabilities, traditional training systems struggle to keep pace with evolving skill requirements. This paper introduces Trendiation—a structured methodology for translating emerging trends into actionable strategies—as a systematic approach to this challenge. Through a workshop-based application examining Edutainment, Human-Centered Design, and Workforce Transformation, we demonstrate how organizations can move from abstract trend identification to concrete qualification requirements and prioritized training initiatives. The method produces a traceable artifact chain spanning trend framing, capability-gap assessment, and implementation roadmaps. Participant evaluations indicate high perceived clarity and practical utility. By bridging foresight analysis with participatory design, Trendiation enables organizations to proactively cultivate adaptive capabilities and build learning cultures aligned with future work ...
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 2 | Pages 22-29 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.2.22
Co-Determination Dialogues

Co-Determination Dialogues

A tool for human-centered AI implementation
Manfred Wannöffel ORCID Icon, Fabian Hoose ORCID Icon, Alexander Ranft, Claudia Niewerth ORCID Icon, Dirk Stüter
As part of the regional competence center humAIne, funded by the Federal Ministry of Research, Technology, and Space (BMFTR), a process was developed using co-determination dialogues to establish a common understanding of the challenges involved in the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) between management, employees, and interest groups. Experiences from project partner companies such as Doncasters Precision Castings in Bochum GmbH (DPC) exemplify how co-determination dialogues not only help to develop legally binding regulations for manageable, operationally anchored, sustainable AI use but also initiate continuous qualification processes for all stakeholder groups in accordance with Articles 4 and 5 of the EU AI Act.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | Edition 1 | Pages 92-98 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.1.84
Human-Centered AI in Companies with Employee Representation

Human-Centered AI in Companies with Employee Representation

Using the HUMAINE model for a company-specific works agreement
Alexander Ranft, Fabian Hoose ORCID Icon, Claudia Niewerth ORCID Icon, Mathias Preuß, Manfred Wannöffel ORCID Icon
The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in companies poses new challenges for regulation and co-determination. Binding requirements have been in force since the 2025 EU AI Act, which must be linked nationally with the Works Constitution Act (BetrVG). The regional competence center humAine has developed a model works agreement on AI (MBV KI) in accordance with Section 77 BetrVG, which strengthens co-determination rights in companies and implements European regulations in a practical way. Flanked by co-determination dialogues, the MBV KI enables company-specific adaptation for responsible and human-centered AI use. Using selected parts of the MBV KI as examples, this article shows how a framework works agreement on AI can be designed and discusses its transferability to companies without a works council. The MBV KI presented here contributes to the sustainable, socially secure design of the digital transformation.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | Edition 1 | Pages 14-21 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.1.14
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