Translate

The digital twin is supposed to be a major tool for increasing productivity in the age of industrial digitalization. However, there are many heterogeneous definitions about the digital twin. This situation hardly supports the practical digital twin implementation. For this reason, the article introduces a new concept, called the Digital Twin Theory which is a theoretical framework containing several hypotheses about digital twins. The aim of the framework is a better understanding about the digital twin management in practice.

Digitization in engineering promises automated workflows, higher speed and lower costs in the development of automation solutions. The prerequisite for this is not only modularization based on a structured description language, but also uniform, interdependent modeling that ensures automated data exchange across system boundaries. In order to achieve a broad application, the underlying ontology should be based on existing norms and standards and be available in open source applications. However, the collaborative and consistent development of such an ontology requires a structured, methodical procedure and an associated modelling map that serves as an orientation for standardized, work-sharing modelling. A possible approach for the required procedure model and the related map will be presented in this article and validated using AutomationML. The presented approach should point out a possible direction and stimulate further process-controlled modelling efforts of ontologies.

The toolfree production of parts using 3D printing technology enables dynamic use of the production area. On the one hand, this makes it possible to react flexibly to changes and, on the other hand, to achieve a high level of efficiency in the production units. The blockchain technology enables a common database between the participants. This leads to a verifiable collaboration in the case of the relationship between customer and manufacturer. This paper describes how available additive manufacturing resources can be identified and offered in a decentralized production network.

The performance of assistance systems, especially in the automotive sector, has become an unique selling point. The trend toward Autonomous driving represents the expected impact of innovation resulting from the exploitation of the latest technologies. Besides autonomous driving, other areas of application for autonomous systems could trigger social change - the prime example being industrial production. The following article presents a planning approach tailored to the complex engineering task of planning and designing autonomous systems for industrial applications.

Existing factories face multiple problems due to their hierarchical structure of decision making and control. Cyber-physical systems principally allow to increase the degree of autonomy to new heights. But which degree of autonomy is really useful and beneficiary? This paper differentiates diverse definitions of autonomy and approaches to determine them. Some experimental findings in a lab environment help to answer the question raised in this paper.

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are an example of the close connection between the digital and the real world. This connection makes the development of the systems more complex. Methods of Artificial Intelligence (AI) such as machine learning help companies to use these systems for new application scenarios. Image and speech recognition capabilities enable new, closer forms of cooperation between humans and CPS that previously did not work for occupational safety reasons. At the same time, machine learning enhances the cognitive abilities of CPS. They can work independently in situations which are difficult to plan.

Why Lean-Management is the solid basis for the fourth industrial revolution: The fourth industrial revolution seems to be the current issue number one. Apart from that well-known consultancies determine a not satisfactory level of implementation concerning Lean methods. The question rises to what extent the implementation of Lean Methods is useful for the introduction of industry 4.0 or if these methods can even be seen as a precondition. Therefore, all common Lean principles and methods were contrasted with the principles and technologies of the industry 4.0. In conclusion, Lean Management is a solid basis for the successful implementation of the fourth industrial revolution for the production of the future. Lean Management can finally be seen as the essential precondition.

The economic and environmental impacts of globalization are forcing companies to form their supply chain more efficient. Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) is a widely used concept that is primarily implemented because of its cost savings. Based on a comprehensive survey in the logistics industry in Germany, this study provides sustainable and ecological recommendations for companies planning or already working daily with VMI.

In transport logistics the utilization of transports is often unknown. As a consequence it is not possible to use this information during the transport planning phase and it cannot be used for operational transport control. This report describes technologies which can measure the utilization of shipping spaces. Due to the lack of market-ready systems, a new system was developed that uses ultrasonic sensors to determine the transport utilization. The system was built on a trailer and was tested during live operation. It was shown that the system fulfills the given requirements and it is suggested to expand the tests.

As a result of digitization, logistics objects and systems are increasingly being equipped with information and communication technologies, which is accompanied by new functionalities. Such smart objects enable a high-resolution representation of processes within a supply chain and support their control. At the same time, the variations in the technical design and integration are increasing. For the handling of complexity, an approach for a systematic structuring of objects in logistics with regard to function, structure and dependencies is presented.