Training

Audio-Immersive Learning in Continuing Vocational Education

Audio-Immersive Learning in Continuing Vocational Education

From linear audio playback to AI-supported conversational learning companions
Tim Beichter, Vanessa Hartmann, Katharina Hölzle ORCID Icon, Manuel Kaiser
Artificial intelligence is increasingly shaping continuing vocational education and training by enabling the personalization of individual learning experiences. At the same time, audio-based learning formats are attracting growing interest among learners because of their flexibility and suitability for workplace learning. However, a conceptual framework for AI-supported audio learning, as well as the potential of combining artificial intelligence with audio-based learning, has received little attention to date. This paper therefore presents a conceptual perspective on the design possibilities and educational potential of AI-supported audio learning formats.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 5 | Pages 102-108 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.5.12
Explaining AI in Industrial Production in an Accessible Way

Explaining AI in Industrial Production in an Accessible Way

Requirements for AI demonstrators to promote acceptance
Jennifer Link ORCID Icon, Markus Harlacher ORCID Icon, Colin Srebny, Sascha Stowasser ORCID Icon
Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a wide range of possibilities in industrial production, but it also presents challenges regarding employee acceptance. AI demonstrators are therefore of central importance, as they enable hands-on experience with AI. However, there has been a lack of systematically identified requirements for demonstrators that specifically promote acceptance and address negative emotions. Using a multi-stage research design, 69 requirements were identified, structured into functional requirements, quality requirements, and boundary conditions.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 5 | Pages 6-14 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.5.1
Work Design in the Use of Autonomous Systems

Work Design in the Use of Autonomous Systems

Addressing the shortage of skilled workers
Tim Jeske ORCID Icon, Sascha Stowasser ORCID Icon, Nicole Ottersböck, Sebastian Terstegen, Rasmus Adler ORCID Icon
Companies are increasingly challenged to address shortages of skilled workers while meeting rising demands for productivity, flexibility, and innovation. Because labor supply can only be expanded to a limited extent, there is a growing focus on designing work systems with productivity in mind. Autonomous systems offer significant potential in this regard. Their implementation requires not only technical adjustments but, above all, changes in organization, skills, and work design. This article analyzes empirically grounded change requirements in existing work systems as well as associated economic potential.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 5 | Pages 44-50 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.5.5
Developing Virtual Reality in Learning Contexts

Developing Virtual Reality in Learning Contexts

Navigating efficiency, content relevance and scalability
Stella Kanatouri ORCID Icon, Oliver Sosna ORCID Icon, Alexander Kulik, Sina C. Truckenbrodt ORCID Icon, Friederike Klan ORCID Icon, Christian Erfurth ORCID Icon
While virtual reality can facilitate hands-on learning, its development faces barriers, including high costs and time demands and scalability challenges. This article presents two case studies that illustrate strategies for overcoming such barriers when training the next generation of skilled workers in environmental technologies. By examining approaches for streamlining development and increasing content relevance and scalability, we highlight lessons learned for future practice. We conclude by envisioning a future in which educational institutions can flexibly and cost-effectively prototype virtual reality in learning contexts, ensuring alignment with curricular goals and learners’ needs.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | Edition 3 | Pages 26-34 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.3.3
MAKI—A Digital Assistant for Practice-Based Learning

MAKI—A Digital Assistant for Practice-Based Learning

Why every factory is a learning factory
Olaf Resch ORCID Icon
With the help of digital assistants, academic teaching is possible in any factory. In order to achieve the best learning effects, however, the interests of all stakeholders must be taken into account. The factory wishes to deploy its employees quickly and productively, the learners desire a positive learning experience, and the educators want to illustrate abstract concepts in a meaningful and practical way. The only way to combine all of these perspectives is via a well-thought-out educational concept and highly functioning technology.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 2 | Pages 70-77
Conducting Experiments in Hybrid Learning Factories

Conducting Experiments in Hybrid Learning Factories

The example of the InTraLab Potsdam
Industrial production is undergoing rapid transformation through digitalization, automation and cyber-physical systems, creating new competence requirements for employees. Learning factories provide experiential environments for developing these competences. This article presents the Industrial Transformation Lab (InTraLab) as a hybrid learning factory combining physical demonstrators and digital simulations.
Learning Factories for the Future of Manufacturing in Brazil

Learning Factories for the Future of Manufacturing in Brazil

Advancing manufacturing through technology and skills development
Manufacturing firms in developing countries face challenges in closing productivity gaps while adopting Industry 4.0 technologies. Learning factories are one helpful approach to countering these challenges. One such example is the learning factory Fábrica do Futuroin São Paulo, Brazil, which has engaged students, supported competence development, and collaborated with industry in applied research, functioning as a hub for advanced manufacturing initiatives.
Serious Gaming and the Energy Transition

Serious Gaming and the Energy Transition

Collaborative knowledge generation and interactive understanding of complex interrelationships
Janine Gondolf ORCID Icon, Gert Mehlmann, Jörn Hartung, Bernd Schweinshaut, Anne Bauer
Conveying the complexity and multifaceted nature of the energy transition to a broad audience is a challenge. This article demonstrates how interactive serious games on a multitouch table can help make connections tangible and comprehensible. The games and the table were used in various conversational contexts. These are presented here in three case vignettes based on participant observation of the different applications, as well as situated and shared reflection. The vignettes demonstrate how interaction can trigger epistemic processes, enable shifts in perspective, and foster collective thinking, all of which are necessary for shaping the future of society as a whole.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 2 | Pages 62-69
Industrial Transformation via a Machining Learning Factory

Industrial Transformation via a Machining Learning Factory

A learning module to foster competencies for a sustainability-driven transformation
Oskay Ozen ORCID Icon, Victoria Breidling ORCID Icon, Matthias Weigold, Stefan Seyfried ORCID Icon
Sustainability-enhancing transformation processes are necessary in all sectors if we are to remain within planetary boundaries. This also applies to the industrial sector as a significant emitter of greenhouse gases. Employees need new competencies to master this complex task of industrial transformation. These range from CO2 equivalents accounting to the development and evaluation of transformation scenarios, including technical measures. The learning module developed here addresses these competency requirements and uses the example of the ETA factory to show how a competency-oriented learning module for industrial transformation can be structured. It essentially comprises four phases: data collection and CO2 equivalents accounting, cause analysis, development of measures and evaluation of measures.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | Edition 2 | Pages 38-47 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.2.38
AI Colleagues?

AI Colleagues?

Competence requirements and training for AI use in industry
Swetlana Franken ORCID Icon
Artificial intelligence is fundamentally changing tasks, roles, and skills in (industrial) companies. Increasingly, it acts as a colleague, preparing decisions, supporting processes, and interacting with people. This article highlights key competence requirements for AI use in industry, presents an integrated competence model, and outlines practical strategies for the transfer of skills. The aim is to prepare companies and employees for humane, competence-oriented AI implementation that combines technological efficiency with human creativity and judgment.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 2 | Pages 78-86
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