Additive Manufacturing

Nowadays, a private person often starts a DIY project by heading to the hardware store not refraining from further visits during the work process. The latest developments in the so-called 3D-printers promise a prospective autonomy of the end user, enabling him to produce spare parts on his own. Besides, the actual development of the additive manufacturing from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing is facing a significant change in the industry, too. This requires a new way of thinking in the companies due to a shift in the value creation process. This paper shows the current state of development of additive manufacturing, highlights the possible consequences for manufacturing companies and is designed to sensitize the reader with regard to the new influences and opportunities.

Additive manufacturing is today increasingly used to produce final products and not only prototypes in product development. Like many technologies before breakthrough it is mainly applied in niche markets, where it is overcoming its current limitations. Afterwards, it has the potential to transform industries as MP3 and iPod have done with the music business. The economist even speaks of the next industrial revolution [1]. This article supports companies in evaluating the strategic implications of additive manufacturing of final products in the mid- to long-term.

The increasing complexity of technical components and shorter product life cycles make high demands on the flexibility and the efficiency of production processes. Additive manufacturing processes comply with this requirement profile. So far, these methods particularly in the desktop prototyping and manufacturing are common. The undisputed high potential for individual production of small batches by means of additive manufacturing processes is so far due to the low reproducibility of the manufactured components not been fully utilized in terms of a rapid manufacturing. Especially powder- and beam-based additive manufacturing technologies offer in terms of recoverable component strengths with both metallic and polymeric materials have a promising range of applications. The basic scientific study of this process is the goal of the Collaborative Research Centre 814 Additive Manufacturing (SFB 814). In the following article, aims and initial results from the SFB 814 are shown.

The ongoing development of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) opens up new possibilities to parallelize information and material flows. Manufacturing processes can be provided with real time information and new lifecycle services (e.g. definition of optimal cutting parameters, life cycle data, etc.) can be realized. In this paper the advantages of RFID on metal cutting tools are discussed. RFID on tools can support an efficient tool management and help to automate manual activities within the manufacturing process.

Digital watermarking has been developed for copyright protection and fighting piracy in the domain of digital media. Due to recent improvements regarding watermarking robustness against printing of images or analogue distribution of audio and video, also the protection of common, non-virtual goods has been enabled. Information can transparently be linked with the goods, providing a protective layer hard to forge or to remove. We discuss recent developments in the area of image watermarking and introduce an algorithm suitable for printing and scanning of packages. Additionally we show typical challenges and solutions for image watermarking caused by typical analogue transformations of marked content.