Training

I4S 2/2026: Learning Factories

I4S 2/2026: Learning Factories

Drivers of research and learning environments for Industry 4.0
In recent years, learning factories have evolved into key experimental environments in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In addition to their role as training centers for skilled workers, they also serve as real-world research laboratories. This issue of Industry 4.0 Science examines learning factories as venues for exploring new approaches and technologies—whether digital assistants, cobots, serious games, or digital twins.
Serious Games as a Training Tool

Serious Games as a Training Tool

Game mechanics design to promote resilience
Annika Lange ORCID Icon, Thomas Knothe ORCID Icon
Unforeseen events are increasingly challenging manufacturing companies. Being resilient during crises is becoming a key competence. Serious games (SG) can help make resilience-building processes more transparent. This article derives specific requirements for SG from different phases of resilience and shows how these can be implemented in game mechanics in order to effectively support the training of resilience.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 2 | Pages 98-104
Building the Future Workforce Today

Building the Future Workforce Today

Trendiation as a strategic framework for employee qualification and training
Jürgen Fritz, Sebastian Busse, Ingo Dieckmann, Torsten Laub
As Industry 4.0 and artificial intelligence reshape organizational capabilities, traditional training systems struggle to keep pace with evolving skill requirements. This paper introduces Trendiation—a structured methodology for translating emerging trends into actionable strategies—as a systematic approach to this challenge. Through a workshop-based application examining Edutainment, Human-Centered Design, and Workforce Transformation, we demonstrate how organizations can move from abstract trend identification to concrete qualification requirements and prioritized training initiatives. The method produces a traceable artifact chain spanning trend framing, capability-gap assessment, and implementation roadmaps. Participant evaluations indicate high perceived clarity and practical utility. By bridging foresight analysis with participatory design, Trendiation enables organizations to proactively cultivate adaptive capabilities and build learning cultures aligned with future work ...
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 2 | Pages 22-29 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.2.22
AI Skills for Responsible Use

AI Skills for Responsible Use

Realistic learning environments, critical thinking, and role design in teams
Valentin Langholf ORCID Icon, Niklas Obermann ORCID Icon, Uta Wilkens ORCID Icon, Marco Kuhnke, Michael Prüfer
Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the world of work. But how can work teams learn to use AI support in a way that delivers speed advantages and ensures consistently high quality? One possible approach is to test it in a workplace-like simulation. Trying it out under realistic conditions shows the role that critical thinking plays.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 42 | Edition 1 | Pages 100-107 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.26.1.92
Digital Solutions for SMEs’ Circularity Transition

Digital Solutions for SMEs’ Circularity Transition

Examples from the textile industry
Markus Winkler, Dieter Stellmach, Guido Grau, Marcus Winkler, Meike Tilebein ORCID Icon
The EU Strategy for sustainable and circular textiles aims to reduce the industry’s environmental impact while at the same time increasing its competitiveness. In this transition towards circularity, firms in the highly fragmented textile value chains need solutions that help overcome barriers and provide support. This paper presents digital solutions that are particularly suited for SMEs and that have been developed with public funding. It aims at encouraging SMEs, not only from the textile industry, to specify their individual transition paths towards circularity and to use digitalization to foster implementation.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 40 | 2024 | Edition 5 | Pages 26-33 | DOI 10.30844/I4SE.24.5.26
Maturity Levels of Smart Knowledge Services

Maturity Levels of Smart Knowledge Services

Self-assessment and GAP analysis
Isger Glauninger ORCID Icon, Nick Tugarin ORCID Icon, Christian van Husen ORCID Icon
Digitalization opens up new forms of operational training. A growing focus is on smart services, which allow for proactive engagement with customer demands and empower businesses in times of digitalization. While traditional learning environments are rarely tailored toward individual needs, smart services offer new opportunities. Decentralization, previously only a utopic vision, is becoming the reality now.
Industry 4.0 Science | Volume 40 | 2024 | Edition 4 | Pages 50-56
Potentials and Application of the Industrial Metaverse

Potentials and Application of the Industrial Metaverse

Convergence from simulation to reality
Oliver Petrovic, Yannick Dassen, Christian Brecher
This paper deals with the concept of the Industrial Metaverse and its potential impact on the manufacturing industry. First, the possibilities of the Industrial Metaverse are explained in general and then possible resulting functionalities for production technology along the life cycle are presented. For the two topics "Synthetic Data Generation" and "Virtual Qualification" the implications of the Industrial Metaverse are considered more concretely.
Industrie 4.0 Management | Volume 39 | 2023 | Edition 5 | Pages 27-32 | DOI 10.30844/IM_23-5_27-32
Modeling the Usage of Knowledge for Industry 4.0

Modeling the Usage of Knowledge for Industry 4.0

Norbert Gronau ORCID Icon
This paper describes an analysis and design method for knowledge management integrating man and machine in the age of the 4th Industrial revolution (Industry 4.0). Digitized work p rocesses require employees in an Industry 4.0 environment to have the competence to adequately deal with fluid situations on the basis of their own knowledge and the ability to place this knowledge in situation-specific contexts. To this end, the development of a comprehensive understanding of processes is elementary.
Industrie 4.0 Management | Volume 37 | 2021 | Edition 3 | Pages 6-10 | DOI 10.30844/I40M_21-3_S6-10
Learning by Playing in Virtual Reality

Learning by Playing in Virtual Reality

Weiterbildung durch Gamification
Steve Killian, Nicola Nendel, Tobias Markert, Ralph Riedel ORCID Icon
Many companies face the challenge of training their employees to handle increasingly complex products and to execute complex processes. In the course of globalization, this is no longer just classically interdisciplinary, but also multicultural and multilingual. In addition, the same level of knowledge often needs to be built up and maintained at production sites around the world. In this context, the question arises if traditional training in the form of external human-to-human training will meet the requirements of today’s qualification or whether digitization itself offers opportunities to make training more effective and efficient. An innovative approach, which is presented in the article and is currently being developed by DECURA Consulting GmbH is the combination of virtual reality (VR) and photogrammetry in combination with gamification elements.
Industrie 4.0 Management | Volume 35 | 2019 | Edition 2 | Pages 53-56
Situational Learning Factory

Situational Learning Factory

A socio-technical education and training approach for industrial work 4.0
Sabine T. Koeszegi, Georg Reischauer
Industrial work 4.0 challenges workers due to ambiguity, self-organization, and interconnec-tedness. To qualify workers to successfully cope with these challenges, this article introduces the software-based situational learning factory that is completed like a flight simulator. By playing these so called serious games that simulate situations on the shop floor of varying complexity, employees gain experiential knowledge and improve their IT-skills.
Industrie 4.0 Management | Volume 32 | 2016 | Edition 3 | Pages 27-30
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