For many years now, it is a widespread goal of knowledge management to employ knowledge as a resource: Projects aim - but often fail - at optimising processes of generating, distributing, and applying knowledge. This can be attributed in many cases to (one of) three causes: - The basic difference between “knowledge” and “data” is misunderstood - The benefit of knowledge management seems to be regarded as inevitable, while it is not defined as a tangible goal - Projects focus on ideal concepts and processes, losing contact with organisational realities We show how to avoid those pitfalls, how to identify the potential of knowledge management and how to realise it.