{"id":107143,"date":"2024-12-20T17:00:07","date_gmt":"2024-12-20T16:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/?page_id=107143"},"modified":"2024-12-20T17:02:56","modified_gmt":"2024-12-20T16:02:56","slug":"open-access-articles","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/open-access-articles\/","title":{"rendered":"Open Access Articles"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n
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Developing Virtual Reality in Learning Contexts<\/h4>\n
Navigating efficiency, content relevance and scalability<\/div>
Stella Kanatouri<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Oliver Sosna<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Alexander Kulik<\/a>, Sina C. Truckenbrodt<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Friederike Klan<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Christian Erfurth<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a><\/div>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n
\n While virtual reality can facilitate hands-on learning, its development faces barriers, including high costs and time demands and scalability challenges. This article presents two case studies that illustrate strategies for overcoming such barriers when training the next generation of skilled workers in environmental technologies. By examining approaches for streamlining development and increasing content relevance and scalability, we highlight lessons learned for future practice. We conclude by envisioning a future in which educational institutions can flexibly and cost-effectively prototype virtual reality in learning contexts, ensuring alignment with curricular goals and learners\u2019 needs. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | Edition 3 | Pages 26-34 | DOI 10.30844\/I4SE.26.3.3<\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n
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Immersive Human Digital Twins for Industry 4.0<\/h4>\n
Supporting adaptive human-centric production by integrating cognitive and physical states<\/div>
Tajbeed A. Chowdhury<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Martina Lehser<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Eric Wagner<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Paul Motzki<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a><\/div>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n
\n The rapid advancement of immersive technologies has created new opportunities to transform human-machine collaboration in industry. This paper presents an immersive platform with a digital twin that combines both physical and cognitive characteristics of human dynamics. By integrating multimodal sensing, human biomechanics, and cognitive state into digital twin technology, the proposed system enhances operational safety and ensures better ergonomics. The main argument is that human digital twins are not only desirable but essential for next-generation industrial systems. We discuss the limitations of existing human modeling approaches, outline the conceptual foundations of human digital twins, and demonstrate their industrial relevance across safety, productivity, ergonomics and sustainability. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 3 | Pages 6-13 | DOI 10.30844\/I4SE.26.3.1<\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n
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Industrial Application of Immersive Technologies<\/h4>\n
Exploring XR solutions for training, instruction, design review, and assembly planning<\/div>
Andreas Straube<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Faikar Zakky Haidar<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Matheus Lenzi dos Santos<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Kussai AI Jairoud<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Eduardo Koscianski<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a><\/div>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n
\n In recent years, the decreasing cost and improved usability of immersive hardware and software have made extended reality (XR) increasingly attractive for industrial applications. Stand-alone systems with inside-out tracking and camera-based pass-through enable accessible mixed reality (MR) solutions. At the same time, emerging no-code software platforms allow engineers to create XR environments without programming expertise, broadening adoption across production settings. This paper explores key industrial application areas of immersive technologies through selected commercially available XR software solutions for product and process training, spatial instructions and guides, collaborative design review, and assembly and production planning. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 3 | Pages 38-47 | DOI 10.30844\/I4SE.26.3.4<\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n
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Digital Twins for Emission Reduction<\/h4>\n
Ex-ante case study on a pump test bench in industrial production<\/div>
Felix Bischoff<\/a>, Ingela Tietze<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Peter Hertweck<\/a>, Nina van Hasz<\/a><\/div>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n
\n Digital twins are frequently referred to as a promising approach for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in industrial production; however, robust empirical evidence of their benefits under real-world conditions is largely lacking. In this case study, the emission reduction potential of a digital twin\u2014as a conceptually described target system\u2014is quantified ex-ante via the example of a test bench for hydraulic pumps. To this end, the GHG emissions of the original test plan for the year 2025 are determined based on actual measured energy consumption of the tested pumps and time-resolved grid electricity emission intensities. This is followed by a rule-based rescheduling, in which energy-intensive test processes are shifted to time intervals with lower emissions. The rescheduling takes operational constraints into account so that processes and equipment remain unchanged. The savings potential is determined by comparing the GHG emissions of the reference and the optimized case. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 3 | Pages 16-24 | DOI 10.30844\/I4SE.26.3.2<\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n
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Industrial Transformation via a Machining Learning Factory<\/h4>\n
A learning module to foster competencies for a sustainability-driven transformation<\/div>
Oskay Ozen<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Victoria Breidling<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Matthias Weigold<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Stefan Seyfried<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a><\/div>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n
\n Sustainability-enhancing transformation processes are necessary in all sectors if we are to remain within planetary boundaries. This also applies to the industrial sector as a significant emitter of greenhouse gases. Employees need new competencies to master this complex task of industrial transformation. These range from CO2 equivalents accounting to the development and evaluation of transformation scenarios, including technical measures. The learning module developed here addresses these competency requirements and uses the example of the ETA factory to show how a competency-oriented learning module for industrial transformation can be structured. It essentially comprises four phases: data collection and CO2 equivalents accounting, cause analysis, development of measures and evaluation of measures. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | Edition 2 | Pages 38-47 | DOI 10.30844\/I4SE.26.2.38<\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n
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Experiencing Digital Twins in Production and Logistics<\/h4>\n
The fischertechnik\u00ae Learning Factory 4.0 as a development platform for possible expansion stages<\/div>
Jan Schickram<\/a>, Tareq Albeesh<\/a>, Deike Gliem<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Sigrid Wenzel<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a><\/div>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n
\n The fischertechnik\u00ae Learning Factory 4.0 has proven to be a suitable experimental environment for testing digital twins. Depending on the targeted maturity stage, the functions of a digital twin range from status monitoring and forecasting to the operational control of production and logistics systems. To systematically classify these functions, this article presents a maturity model that serves as a framework for the development of a digital twin. Building on this, selected use cases are implemented in a test and development environment based on a system architecture with multi-layered logic structure. These initial implementations serve to highlight application purposes, relevant methods, and typical challenges and potentials in the transfer to real factory environments. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | Edition 2 | Pages 30-37 | DOI 10.30844\/I4SE.26.2.30<\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n
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Collaborative Robots in Production Environments<\/h4>\n
Employee qualification and acceptance for human-machine interaction<\/div>
Tobias Wienzek<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Mathias Cuypers<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a><\/div>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n
\n The introduction of new technologies poses a major challenge, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). At the same time, SMEs must rise to this challenge in order to keep pace technologically and economically. Employee acceptance is an important factor in ensuring that both the introduction and the long-term use of a technology are successful. At the same time, the introduction process also has a central influence on acceptance in the long term. This article uses the implementation of collaborative robotics as an example for examining such an introduction process, identifying the key factors that influence employee acceptance and the important role played by advanced employee training. It serves to highlight how the introduction process and employee training are seamlessly interlinked. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 2 | Pages 14-21 | DOI 10.30844\/I4SE.26.2.14<\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n
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Building the Future Workforce Today<\/h4>\n
Trendiation as a strategic framework for employee qualification and training<\/div>
J\u00fcrgen Fritz<\/a>, Sebastian Busse<\/a>, Ingo Dieckmann<\/a>, Torsten Laub<\/a><\/div>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n
\n As Industry 4.0 and artificial intelligence reshape organizational capabilities, traditional training systems struggle to keep pace with evolving skill requirements. This paper introduces Trendiation\u2014a structured methodology for translating emerging trends into actionable strategies\u2014as a systematic approach to this challenge. Through a workshop-based application examining Edutainment, Human-Centered Design, and Workforce Transformation, we demonstrate how organizations can move from abstract trend identification to concrete qualification requirements and prioritized training initiatives. The method produces a traceable artifact chain spanning trend framing, capability-gap assessment, and implementation roadmaps. Participant evaluations indicate high perceived clarity and practical utility. By bridging foresight analysis with participatory design, Trendiation enables organizations to proactively cultivate adaptive capabilities and build learning cultures aligned with future work ... <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 2 | Pages 22-29 | DOI 10.30844\/I4SE.26.2.22<\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n
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Data Quality and Domain Expertise for Resilient AI Deployment<\/h4>\n
Integrating anomaly and label error detection in industry<\/div>
Pavlos Rath-Manakidis<\/a>, Henry Huick<\/a>, Erdi \u00dcnal<\/a>, Bj\u00f6rn Kr\u00e4mer<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Laurenz Wiskott<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a><\/div>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n
\n AI implementation transforms work and worker-technology relationships in industrial quality control. This paper explores how approaches to data quality and model transparency support ethical AI deployment, fostering worker agency, trust, and sustainable work design in automatic surface inspection systems (ASIS). Recurring problems like data inefficiency, variable model confidence, and limited AI expertise point to key challenges of human-centered AI: user trust, agency and responsible data management. A solution co-developed with an ASIS supplier demonstrates that the challenges extend beyond the purely technical, underscoring the value of AI design that augments human capabilities. Technical solutions such as anomaly, label error, and domain drift detection are proposed to enhance data quality and model reliability. The insights emphasize the following generalizable strategies for resilient AI integration: understanding user-reported problems through a human-AI interaction lens, ... <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | Edition 1 | Pages 128-135 | DOI 10.30844\/I4SE.26.1.120<\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n
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Operationalizing Ethical AI with tachAId<\/h4>\n
Validating an interactive advisory tool in two manufacturing use cases<\/div>
Pavlos Rath-Manakidis<\/a>, Henry Huick<\/a>, Bj\u00f6rn Kr\u00e4mer<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Laurenz Wiskott<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a><\/div>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n
\n Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into workplace processes promises significant efficiency gains, yet organizations face numerous ethical challenges that stakeholders are often initially unaware of\u2014from opacity in decision-making to algorithmic bias and premature automation risks. This paper presents the design and validation of tachAId, an interactive advisory tool aimed at embedding human-centered ethical considerations into the development of AI solutions. It reports on a validation study conducted across two distinct industrial AI applications with varying AI maturity. tachAId successfully directs attention to critical ethical considerations across the AI solution lifecycle that might be overlooked in technically-focused development. However, the findings also reveal a central tension: while effective in raising awareness, the tool\u2019s non-linear design creates significant usability challenges, indicating a user preference for more structured, linear guidance, especially ... <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 1 | Pages 50-59 | DOI 10.30844\/I4SE.26.1.48<\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
1<\/span>\n2<\/a>\n…<\/span>\n24<\/a>\n\u00bb<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":461,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-107143","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"front-page-entry":false,"post-entry":false,"post-teaser":false,"post-teaser-mobile":false,"post-custom-size":false,"whitepaper-teaser":false,"card-big":false,"card-portrait":false,"card-big-company":false,"gp-listing":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"woocommerce_thumbnail":false,"woocommerce_single":false,"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":false,"dgwt-wcas-product-suggestion":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Nimesh Patel","author_link":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/author\/nimesh\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/107143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/461"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107143"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/107143\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":107144,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/107143\/revisions\/107144"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}