{"id":94359,"date":"2021-10-15T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-15T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/?post_type=article&#038;p=94359"},"modified":"2024-04-16T16:22:42","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T14:22:42","slug":"flexible-reference-model-for-planning-and-optimization-2","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/flexible-reference-model-for-planning-and-optimization-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Flexible Reference Model for Planning and Optimization"},"content":{"rendered":"<hr>\n<div class=\"gito-pub-content-bibliography\">\n<h2>Bibliography <\/h2>\n[1] Gartner, Inc.: Gartner Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2019. Gartner. URL: www.gartner.com\/ smarterwithgartner\/gartner-top-10-strategic-technology-trends-for-2019, Abrufdatum 13.10.2020.<br \/>\n[2] Volkswagen: Volkswagen and Amazon Web Services to develop Industrial Cloud. URL: www.volkswagenag.com\/ en\/news\/2019\/03\/volkswagen-and-amazon-web-services-to-develop-industrial-cloud.html, Abrufdatum 18.01.2021.<br \/>\n[3] Kritzinger, W.; Karner, M.; Traar, G.; Henjes, J.; Sihn, W.: Digital Twin in manufacturing: A categorical literature review and classification. In: IFAC-PapersOnLine 51 (2018) 11, S. 1016-1022. doi: 10.1016\/j.ifacol.2018.08.474.<br \/>\n[4] Skoogh, A.; Perera, T.; Johansson, B.: Input data management in simulation \u2013 Industrial practices and future trends. In: Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 29 (2012), S. 181-192. doi: 10.1016\/j.simpat.2012.07.009.<br \/>\n[5] Reinhardt, H.; Weber, M.; Putz, M.: A Survey on Automatic Model Generation for Material Flow Simulation in Discrete Manufacturing. In: Procedia CIRP 81 (2019), S. 121-126. doi: 10.1016\/j.procir.2019.03.022.<br \/>\n[6] Vieira, A.; Dias, L.; Santos, M.; Pereira, G.; Oliveira, J.: Setting an Industry 4.0 Research and Development Agenda for Simulation \u2013 a Literature Review. In: International Journal of Simulation Modelling 17 (2018), S. 377-390. doi: 10.2507\/IJSIMM17(3)429.<br \/>\n[7] Stra\u00dfburger, S.; Bergmann, S.; M\u00fcller-Sommer, H.: Modellgenerierung im Kontext der Digitalen Fabrik &#8211; Stand der Technik und Herausforderungen. Karlsruhe 2010.<br \/>\n[8] Drath, R.: Datenaustausch in der Anlagenplanung mit AutomationML: Integration von CAEX, PLCopen XML und COLLADA. Heidelberg New York 2010.<\/div>\n<div id=\"download-section\" class=\"gito-pub-download-section\" style=\"text-align:center;margin:20px;\">\n<h2>Your downloads<\/h2>\n<p><button style=\"font-size:14px;margin-right:15px;\" class=\"button gito-pub-cpt-download-button\" data-postid=\"94359\" data-userid =\"0\" data-filename=\"schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5.pdf\"><span style=\"margin-top:5px !important;\" class=\"dashicons dashicons-download\"><\/span>&nbsp;&nbsp;PDF<\/button><\/div>\n<div class=\"gito-pub-tags-social-share\" style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between;\"><div>Tags: <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/digital-twin\/\">digital twin<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/digitaler-zwilling\/\">digitaler Zwilling<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/digitaler-zwilling-en\/\">digitaler Zwilling<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/discrete-event-simulation\/\">discrete event simulation<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/fabrikplanung\/\">Fabrikplanung<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/fabrikplanung-en\/\">Fabrikplanung<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/factory-planning\/\">factory planning<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/industrie-4-0-en\/\">Industrie 4.0<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/industrie-4-0\/\">Industrie 4.0<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/industry-4-0\/\">Industry 4.0<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/reference-model\/\">reference model<\/a><\/span> <\/div><div><div class=\"social-icons share-icons share-row relative\" ><a href=\"whatsapp:\/\/send?text=Flexible%20Reference%20Model%20for%20Planning%20and%20Optimization - https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/flexible-reference-model-for-planning-and-optimization-2\/\" data-action=\"share\/whatsapp\/share\" class=\"icon button circle is-outline tooltip whatsapp show-for-medium\" title=\"Share on WhatsApp\" aria-label=\"Share on WhatsApp\"><i class=\"icon-whatsapp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/flexible-reference-model-for-planning-and-optimization-2\/\" data-label=\"Facebook\" onclick=\"window.open(this.href,this.title,'width=500,height=500,top=300px,left=300px'); 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return false;\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"icon button circle is-outline tooltip linkedin\" title=\"Share on LinkedIn\" aria-label=\"Share on LinkedIn\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><i class=\"icon-linkedin\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><hr style=\"margin-top:0px;\">\n<h2 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-headline\">You might also be interested in<\/h2>\n<!-- GITO_PUB_POST start flex-container -->\n<div class=\"gito-pub-flex-container\">\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/serious-games-as-a-training-tool\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Lange_AdobeStock_734724963_alexkich-640x325.webp\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Lange_AdobeStock_734724963_alexkich-196x180.webp\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Lange_AdobeStock_734724963_alexkich-196x180.webp\" alt=\"Serious Games as a Training Tool\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Serious Games as a Training Tool\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">Serious Games as a Training Tool<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">Game mechanics design to promote resilience<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"\/authors\/annika-lange\/\">Annika Lange<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4514-9306\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/thomas-knothe\/\">Thomas Knothe<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3055-7155\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-abo-sign gito-pub-login-register-link\" data-targetabo=\"expert\" data-targeturl=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/serious-games-as-a-training-tool\/\" title=\"please login or register - content can only be read in its entirety with a subscription  expert\">\n\t\t\t                         <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gito-publisher\/img\/i4s-login.png\">\n\t\t\t                      <\/div>Unforeseen events are increasingly challenging manufacturing companies. Being resilient during crises is becoming a key competence. Serious games (SG) can help make resilience-building processes more transparent. This article derives specific requirements for SG from different phases of resilience and shows how these can be implemented in game mechanics in order to effectively support the training of resilience.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 2 | Pages 98-104<\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/experiments-learning-factories\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_1765062059_Design-Praxis-640x325.webp\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_1765062059_Design-Praxis-196x180.webp\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_1765062059_Design-Praxis-196x180.webp\" alt=\"Conducting Experiments in Hybrid Learning Factories\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:185px;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Conducting Experiments in Hybrid Learning Factories\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\">Conducting Experiments in Hybrid Learning Factories<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">The example of the InTraLab Potsdam<\/div>                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n<div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-abo-sign gito-pub-login-register-link\" data-targetabo=\"expert\" data-targeturl=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/experiments-learning-factories\/\" title=\"please login or register - content can only be read in its entirety with a subscription  expert\">\n\t\t\t                         <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gito-publisher\/img\/i4s-login.png\">\n\t\t\t                      <\/div>\nIndustrial production is undergoing rapid transformation through digitalization, automation and cyber-physical systems, creating new competence requirements for employees. Learning factories provide experiential environments for developing these competences. This article presents the Industrial Transformation Lab (InTraLab) as a hybrid learning factory combining physical demonstrators and digital simulations.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/learning-factories-future-brazil\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_521020784_Gorodenkoff-640x325.webp\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_521020784_Gorodenkoff-196x180.webp\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_521020784_Gorodenkoff-196x180.webp\" alt=\"Learning Factories for the Future of Manufacturing in Brazil\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:185px;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Learning Factories for the Future of Manufacturing in Brazil\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\">Learning Factories for the Future of Manufacturing in Brazil<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">Advancing manufacturing through technology and skills development<\/div>                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n<div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-abo-sign gito-pub-login-register-link\" data-targetabo=\"expert\" data-targeturl=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/learning-factories-future-brazil\/\" title=\"please login or register - content can only be read in its entirety with a subscription  expert\">\n\t\t\t                         <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gito-publisher\/img\/i4s-login.png\">\n\t\t\t                      <\/div>\nManufacturing firms in developing countries face challenges in closing productivity gaps while adopting Industry 4.0 technologies. Learning factories are one helpful approach to countering these challenges. One such example is the learning factory F\u00e1brica do Futuroin S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, which has engaged students, supported competence development, and collaborated with industry in applied research, functioning as a hub for advanced manufacturing initiatives.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/learning-module-sustainable\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_289023545_Gorodenkoff-640x325.webp\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_289023545_Gorodenkoff-196x180.webp\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_289023545_Gorodenkoff-196x180.webp\" alt=\"Industrial Transformation via a Machining Learning Factory\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Industrial Transformation via a Machining Learning Factory\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">Industrial Transformation via a Machining Learning Factory<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">A learning module to foster competencies for a sustainability-driven transformation<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"\/authors\/oskay-ozen\/\">Oskay Ozen<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5566-6633\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/victoria-breidling\/\">Victoria Breidling<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0384-4813\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/stefan-seyfried\/\">Stefan Seyfried<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8278-0212\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/matthias-weigold\/\">Matthias Weigold<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7820-8544\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     Sustainability-enhancing transformation processes are necessary in all sectors if we are to remain within planetary boundaries. This also applies to the industrial sector as a significant emitter of greenhouse gases. Employees need new competencies to master this complex task of industrial transformation. These range from CO2 equivalents accounting to the development and evaluation of transformation scenarios, including technical measures. The learning module developed here addresses these competency requirements and uses the example of the ETA factory to show how a competency-oriented learning module for industrial transformation can be structured. It essentially comprises four phases: data collection and CO2 equivalents accounting, cause analysis, development of measures and evaluation of measures.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | Edition 2 | Pages 38-47 | DOI <a style=\"font-weight:bold !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30844\/I4SE.26.2.38\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.30844\/I4SE.26.2.38<\/a><\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/digital-twins-production-logistics\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_1784362718_Andrey-Popov-640x325.webp\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_1784362718_Andrey-Popov-196x180.webp\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_1784362718_Andrey-Popov-196x180.webp\" alt=\"Experiencing Digital Twins in Production and Logistics\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Experiencing Digital Twins in Production and Logistics\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">Experiencing Digital Twins in Production and Logistics<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">The fischertechnik\u00ae Learning Factory 4.0 as a development platform for possible expansion stages<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"\/authors\/deike-gliem\/\">Deike Gliem<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8098-334X\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/sigrid-wenzel\/\">Sigrid Wenzel<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9594-1839\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/jan-schickram\/\">Jan Schickram<\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/tareq-albeesh\/\">Tareq Albeesh<\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     The fischertechnik\u00ae Learning Factory 4.0 has proven to be a suitable experimental environment for testing digital twins. Depending on the targeted maturity stage, the functions of a digital twin range from status monitoring and forecasting to the operational control of production and logistics systems. To systematically classify these functions, this article presents a maturity model that serves as a framework for the development of a digital twin. Building on this, selected use cases are implemented in a test and development environment based on a system architecture with multi-layered logic structure. These initial implementations serve to highlight application purposes, relevant methods, and typical challenges and potentials in the transfer to real factory environments.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | Edition 2 | Pages 30-37 | DOI <a style=\"font-weight:bold !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30844\/I4SE.26.2.30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.30844\/I4SE.26.2.30<\/a><\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/from-brownfield-to-industry-4-0\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/voelker-640x325.jpg\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/voelker-196x180.jpg\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/voelker-196x180.jpg\" alt=\"From Brownfield to Industry 4.0\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"From Brownfield to Industry 4.0\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">From Brownfield to Industry 4.0<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">Learning factories as training and testing environment for digital transformation<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"\/authors\/jakob-weber\/\">Jakob Weber<\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/sven-voelker\/\">Sven V\u00f6lker<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9707-1478\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-abo-sign gito-pub-login-register-link\" data-targetabo=\"expert\" data-targeturl=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/from-brownfield-to-industry-4-0\/\" title=\"please login or register - content can only be read in its entirety with a subscription  expert\">\n\t\t\t                         <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gito-publisher\/img\/i4s-login.png\">\n\t\t\t                      <\/div>To succeed in their digital transformation, manufacturing companies need engineers with in-depth knowledge of key technologies and concepts, and a profound understanding of the transition from Industry 3.0 to Industry 4.0. This article describes the concept of a learning factory that is continuously subjected to a digital transformation, thereby creating an environment for the development of transformation competencies. The concept of digital transformation is based on digital worker assistance systems and multi-agent systems for production control. These enable the incremental integration of existing resources into the digitalized factory. The learning factory is not presented to students as a completed solution. Instead, it is continuously developed further as part of student projects. This way, it contributes directly to the qualification of personnel for the implementation of Industry 4.0.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 2 | Pages 88-96<\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- GITO_PUB_POST end flex-container -->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The digital twin has moved into the focus of manufacturing companies and has been identified by Gartner as a key technology [1]. In the automotive industry, VW uses the digital twin in the cloud to plan, control and optimize production at all 122 locations in the future [2]. The digital twin is also the basis and an integral part of new, digital business models and the digitization of production companies. This article gives an overview of the current state of the art and describes a flexible reference model for planning and optimizing production systems based on the digital twin. The focus is on the one hand on the optimization of static layouts and material flows and on the other hand on the optimization of dynamic material flows and the temporal organization of processes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":96106,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[79167,4713,79168,79298],"tags":[75884,75880,79631,70880,68761,79662,68763,79627,73750,73781,68969],"product_cat":[],"topic":[67838,68760,68206],"technology":[67596],"knowhow":[],"industry":[],"writer":[82439,83153,83409],"content-type":[],"potential":[],"solution":[],"glossary":[],"class_list":["post-94359","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","category-design-en","category-translate","category-translate-en","category-typeset","tag-digital-twin","tag-digitaler-zwilling","tag-digitaler-zwilling-en","tag-discrete-event-simulation","tag-fabrikplanung","tag-fabrikplanung-en","tag-factory-planning","tag-industrie-4-0-en","tag-industrie-4-0","tag-industry-4-0","tag-reference-model","topic-digital-twin","topic-factory-design","topic-industry-4-0","technology-software-en","writer-juergen-koebler-en","writer-michael-schlecht-en","writer-roland-de-guio-en","product","first","instock","downloadable","virtual","sold-individually","taxable","purchasable","product-type-article"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788.jpg",1400,788,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788-666x375.jpg",666,375,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788-768x432.jpg",768,432,true],"large":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788-1024x576.jpg",1020,574,true],"front-page-entry":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788-1032x320.jpg",1032,320,true],"post-entry":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788-764x376.jpg",764,376,true],"post-teaser":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788-392x320.jpg",392,320,true],"post-teaser-mobile":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788-608x496.jpg",608,496,true],"post-custom-size":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788-640x325.jpg",640,325,true],"whitepaper-teaser":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788-274x376.jpg",274,376,true],"card-big":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788-514x292.jpg",514,292,true],"card-portrait":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788-320x440.jpg",320,440,true],"card-big-company":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788-514x289.jpg",514,289,true],"gp-listing":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788-196x180.jpg",196,180,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788.jpg",1400,788,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788.jpg",1400,788,false],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788-510x510.jpg",510,510,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/schlecht-Flexibles-Referenzmodell-zur-Planung-und-Optimierung-der-Produktion_IM-2021-5-1400x788-510x287.jpg",510,287,true],"woocommerce_gallery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Brocks","author_link":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/author\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"The digital twin has moved into the focus of manufacturing companies and has been identified by Gartner as a key technology [1]. In the automotive industry, VW uses the digital twin in the cloud to plan, control and optimize production at all 122 locations in the future [2]. The digital twin is also the basis&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/94359","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/96106"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94359"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94359"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94359"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=94359"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=94359"},{"taxonomy":"technology","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/technology?post=94359"},{"taxonomy":"knowhow","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowhow?post=94359"},{"taxonomy":"industry","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/industry?post=94359"},{"taxonomy":"writer","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/writer?post=94359"},{"taxonomy":"content-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content-type?post=94359"},{"taxonomy":"potential","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/potential?post=94359"},{"taxonomy":"solution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/solution?post=94359"},{"taxonomy":"glossary","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary?post=94359"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}