{"id":93395,"date":"2018-12-15T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-12-15T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/?post_type=article&#038;p=93395"},"modified":"2024-04-16T16:15:55","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T14:15:55","slug":"the-appropriate-degree-of-autonomy-in-cyber-physical-production-systems","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/the-appropriate-degree-of-autonomy-in-cyber-physical-production-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"The Appropriate Degree of Autonomy in Cyber-Physical Production Systems"},"content":{"rendered":"<hr>\n<div class=\"gito-pub-content-bibliography\">\n<h2>Bibliography <\/h2>\n[1] ten Hompel, M.; Liekenbrock, D.: Autonome Objekte und selbst organisierende Systeme. Anwendung neuer Steuerungsmethoden in der Intralogistik. In: Industrie Management 21 (2005) 4, S. 15-18.<br \/>\n[2] Veigt, M.: Entwicklung eines Cyber-Physischen LogistiksystemS. In: Industrie Management 29 (2013) 1, S. 15-18.<br \/>\n[3] Gronau, N.: Der Einfluss von Cyber-Physical Systems auf die Gestaltung von Produktionssystemen, Industrie Management 31 (2015) 3, S. 16-20.<br \/>\n[4] acatech (ed.): Cyber-Physische Systeme. Innovationsmotor f\u00fcr Mobilit\u00e4t, Gesundheit, Energie und Produktion (acatech POSITION). Heidelberg 2011.<br \/>\n[5] Gronau, N.: Wandlungsf\u00e4higkeit in Produktion und Logistik, Productivity Management 2 (2014), S. 23-26.<br \/>\n[6] Gronau, N.; Theuer, H.: Determination of the optimal degree of autonomy in a cyber-physical production system. Procedia CIRP 57 (2016), S. 110-115<br \/>\n[7] Gronau, N.: Determinants of an Appropriate Degree of Autonomy in a Cyber-physical Production System. Procedia CIRP 52 (2016), S. 1-5.<br \/>\n[8] Luck, M.; d\u2019Inverno, M.: A Formal Framework for Agency and Autonomy. In: Procs First International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems. AAAI 1995.<br \/>\n[9] van der Vecht, B.: A Dynamic Coordination Mechanism Using Adjustable Autonomy. In: Sichman, J.; Noriega, P.; Padget, J.; Ossowski, S. (Hrsg): International Workshops on Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, and Norms in Agent Systems III, COIN 2007: &#67;&#79;&#73;&#78;&#64;&#65;&#65;&#77;&#65;&#83; 2007 and &#67;&#79;&#73;&#78;&#64;&#77;&#65;&#76;&#76;&#79;&#87; 2007, 3-4 September 2007, Durham., S. 83-96.<br \/>\n[10] Windt, K.: Autonomy in production logistics: Identification, characterization and application. Robot Comput Integr Manuf (2007), doi:10.1016\/j.rcim.2007.07.008.<br \/>\n[11] Gronau, N.; Theuer, H.: Industrie 4.0 in Europa \u2013 Ein Vergleich Europ\u00e4ischer Initiativen In: Industrie Management 5 (2015), S. 31-34.<br \/>\n[12] H\u00fclsmann, M.; Windt, K.: Understanding Autonomous Cooperation and Control in LogisticS. Berlin Heidelberg 2007.<br \/>\n[13] Scholz-Reiter, B., G\u00f6rges, M., &amp; Philipp, T. (2009). Autonomously controlled production systems \u2014 Influence of autonomous control level on logistic performance. CIRP annals 58.1 (2009): 395-398.<br \/>\n[14] Dashkovskiy et al. 2011: Modeling and stability analysis of autonomously controlled production networks. In: Logist. Res. (2011) 3:145\u2013157 DOI 10.1007\/s12159-011-0049-6<br \/>\n[15] Windt K, et al. Autonomy in production logistics: Identification, characterisation and application. Robot Comput Integr Manuf (2007), doi:10.1016\/j.rcim.2007.07.008<br \/>\n[16] Armbruster, D., et al. \u201cAutonomous control of production networks using a pheromone approach.\u201d Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its applications 363.1 (2006): 104-114.<br \/>\n[17] Karimi, Hamid Reza, Neil A. Duffie, and Sergey Dashkovskiy. \u201cLocal Capacity H\u221eControl for Production Networks of Autonomous Work Systems With Time-Varying Delays.\u201d IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 7.4 (2010): 849-857.<br \/>\n[18] Caridi, M. &amp; Cavalieri, S. (2004) Multi-agent systems in production planning and control: an overview, Production Planning and Control, 15:2, 106-118, DOI: 10.1080\/09537280410001662556<br \/>\n[19] Theuer, H.; Gronau, N.; Lass, S.: The Impact of Autonomy on Lean Manufacturing SystemS. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Flexible &amp; Intelligent Manufacturing (FAIM 2013). Porto 2013.<br \/>\n[20] Rother, M.; Shook, J.: Learning to See: Value Stream Mapping to Add Value and Eliminate MUDA. Lean Enterprise Institute Cambridge 1999.<br \/>\n[21] Gronau, N.; Grum, M.; Bender, B.: Determining the optimal level of autonomy in cyber-physical production systemS. Industrial Informatics (INDIN), 2016 IEEE 14th International Conference on. IEEE 2016.<br \/>\n[22] Lass, S.; Theuer, H.; Gronau, N.: A New Approach for Simulation and Modeling of Autonomous Production ProcesseS. In: Proceedings of the 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2012). Maui, Hawaii 2012.<br \/>\n[23] Gronau, N.; Theuer, H.; Lass, S.: Evaluation of Production Processes using Hybrid Simulation. In: Windt, K. (Hrsg): Robust Manufacturing Control, Lecture Notes in Production Engineering. Berlin Heidelberg 2013.<br \/>\n[24] Lass, S.: Simulationskonzept zur Nutzenvalidierung cyber-physischer Systeme in komplexen Fabrikumgebungen. PhD thesis Potsdam University 2017.<\/div>\n<div id=\"download-section\" class=\"gito-pub-download-section\" style=\"text-align:center;margin:20px;\">\n<h2>Your downloads<\/h2>\n<p><button style=\"font-size:14px;margin-right:15px;\" class=\"button gito-pub-cpt-download-button\" data-postid=\"93395\" data-userid =\"0\" data-filename=\"gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6.pdf\"><span style=\"margin-top:5px !important;\" class=\"dashicons dashicons-download\"><\/span>&nbsp;&nbsp;PDF<\/button><\/div>\n<div class=\"gito-pub-tags-social-share\" style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between;\"><div>Tags: <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/simulation-en\/\">Simulation<\/a><\/span> <\/div><div><div class=\"social-icons share-icons share-row relative\" ><a href=\"whatsapp:\/\/send?text=The%20Appropriate%20Degree%20of%20Autonomy%20in%20Cyber-Physical%20Production%20Systems - https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/the-appropriate-degree-of-autonomy-in-cyber-physical-production-systems\/\" data-action=\"share\/whatsapp\/share\" class=\"icon button circle is-outline tooltip whatsapp show-for-medium\" title=\"Share on WhatsApp\" aria-label=\"Share on WhatsApp\"><i class=\"icon-whatsapp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/the-appropriate-degree-of-autonomy-in-cyber-physical-production-systems\/\" data-label=\"Facebook\" onclick=\"window.open(this.href,this.title,'width=500,height=500,top=300px,left=300px'); 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return false;\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"icon button circle is-outline tooltip linkedin\" title=\"Share on LinkedIn\" aria-label=\"Share on LinkedIn\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><i class=\"icon-linkedin\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><hr style=\"margin-top:0px;\">\n<h2 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-headline\">You might also be interested in<\/h2>\n<!-- GITO_PUB_POST start flex-container -->\n<div class=\"gito-pub-flex-container\">\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/industry-4-0-digitalization-limbo\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Donhauser_AdobeStock_507850396_Gorodenkoff-640x325.webp\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Donhauser_AdobeStock_507850396_Gorodenkoff-196x180.webp\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Donhauser_AdobeStock_507850396_Gorodenkoff-196x180.webp\" alt=\"Industry 4.0\u2014Progress and Digitalization in Limbo\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Industry 4.0\u2014Progress and Digitalization in Limbo\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">Industry 4.0\u2014Progress and Digitalization in Limbo<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">Status of sustainable transformation and digitalization in production engineering<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/christian-donhauser\/\">Christian Donhauser<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0366-1828\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/daniel-riepl\/\">Daniel Riepl<\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-abo-sign gito-pub-login-register-link\" data-targetabo=\"expert\" data-targeturl=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/industry-4-0-digitalization-limbo\/\" title=\"please login or register - content can only be read in its entirety with a subscription  expert\">\n\t\t\t                         <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gito-publisher\/img\/i4s-login.png\">\n\t\t\t                      <\/div>Digitalization projects help users represent complex processes more simply and efficiently. 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The primary goal of this long-term research project is to define these questions decisively and in detail in order to develop a conceptual foundation that integrates research, teaching, and technological development and thus combines the potential of digital technologies with the experiential and practical knowledge of production workers.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 3 | Pages 56-60<\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/ai-lubrication-thread-forming\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Donhauser_AdobeStock_1969238171_Gorodenkoff-640x325.webp\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Donhauser_AdobeStock_1969238171_Gorodenkoff-196x180.webp\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Donhauser_AdobeStock_1969238171_Gorodenkoff-196x180.webp\" alt=\"AI-Powered Lubrication Strategies for Thread Forming\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"AI-Powered Lubrication Strategies for Thread Forming\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">AI-Powered Lubrication Strategies for Thread Forming<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">Adaptive spray jet control to increase process reliability and tool life<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/reinhard-schmied\/\">Reinhard Schmied<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/marco-susic\/\">Marco Susic<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/christian-donhauser\/\">Christian Donhauser<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0366-1828\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-abo-sign gito-pub-login-register-link\" data-targetabo=\"expert\" data-targeturl=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/ai-lubrication-thread-forming\/\" title=\"please login or register - content can only be read in its entirety with a subscription  expert\">\n\t\t\t                         <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gito-publisher\/img\/i4s-login.png\">\n\t\t\t                      <\/div>Thread forming requires precise lubricant application because high contact pressures and process temperatures strongly influence tool loading, friction, and process stability. 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Stand-alone systems with inside-out tracking and camera-based pass-through enable accessible mixed reality (MR) solutions. At the same time, emerging no-code software platforms allow engineers to create XR environments without programming expertise, broadening adoption across production settings. This paper explores key industrial application areas of immersive technologies through selected commercially available XR software solutions for product and process training, spatial instructions and guides, collaborative design review, and assembly and production planning.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 3 | Pages 38-47 | DOI <a style=\"font-weight:bold !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30844\/I4SE.26.3.4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.30844\/I4SE.26.3.4<\/a><\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/learning-factories-future-brazil\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_521020784_Gorodenkoff-640x325.webp\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_521020784_Gorodenkoff-196x180.webp\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_521020784_Gorodenkoff-196x180.webp\" alt=\"Learning Factories for the Future of Manufacturing in Brazil\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:185px;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Learning Factories for the Future of Manufacturing in Brazil\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\">Learning Factories for the Future of Manufacturing in Brazil<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">Advancing manufacturing through technology and skills development<\/div>                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n<div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-abo-sign gito-pub-login-register-link\" data-targetabo=\"expert\" data-targeturl=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/learning-factories-future-brazil\/\" title=\"please login or register - content can only be read in its entirety with a subscription  expert\">\n\t\t\t                         <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gito-publisher\/img\/i4s-login.png\">\n\t\t\t                      <\/div>\nManufacturing firms in developing countries face challenges in closing productivity gaps while adopting Industry 4.0 technologies. Learning factories are one helpful approach to countering these challenges. One such example is the learning factory F\u00e1brica do Futuroin S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, which has engaged students, supported competence development, and collaborated with industry in applied research, functioning as a hub for advanced manufacturing initiatives.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/energy-transition-serious-gaming\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_423992056_BullRun-640x325.webp\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_423992056_BullRun-196x180.webp\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_423992056_BullRun-196x180.webp\" alt=\"Serious Gaming and the Energy Transition\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Serious Gaming and the Energy Transition\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">Serious Gaming and the Energy Transition<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">Collaborative knowledge generation and interactive understanding of complex interrelationships<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/janine-gondolf-en\/\">Janine Gondolf<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5644-8328\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/gert-mehlmann\/\">Gert Mehlmann<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/joern-hartung\/\">J\u00f6rn Hartung<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/bernd-schweinshaut\/\">Bernd Schweinshaut<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/anne-bauer\/\">Anne Bauer<\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     Conveying the complexity and multifaceted nature of the energy transition to a broad audience is a challenge. This article demonstrates how interactive serious games on a multitouch table can help make connections tangible and comprehensible. The games and the table were used in various conversational contexts. These are presented here in three case vignettes based on participant observation of the different applications, as well as situated and shared reflection. The vignettes demonstrate how interaction can trigger epistemic processes, enable shifts in perspective, and foster collective thinking, all of which are necessary for shaping the future of society as a whole.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 2 | Pages 62-69<\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/learning-module-sustainable\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_289023545_Gorodenkoff-640x325.webp\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_289023545_Gorodenkoff-196x180.webp\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_289023545_Gorodenkoff-196x180.webp\" alt=\"Industrial Transformation via a Machining Learning Factory\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Industrial Transformation via a Machining Learning Factory\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">Industrial Transformation via a Machining Learning Factory<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">A learning module to foster competencies for a sustainability-driven transformation<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/oskay-ozen\/\">Oskay Ozen<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5566-6633\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/victoria-breidling\/\">Victoria Breidling<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0384-4813\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/stefan-seyfried-en\/\">Stefan Seyfried<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8278-0212\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/matthias-weigold-en\/\">Matthias Weigold<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7820-8544\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     Sustainability-enhancing transformation processes are necessary in all sectors if we are to remain within planetary boundaries. This also applies to the industrial sector as a significant emitter of greenhouse gases. Employees need new competencies to master this complex task of industrial transformation. These range from CO2 equivalents accounting to the development and evaluation of transformation scenarios, including technical measures. The learning module developed here addresses these competency requirements and uses the example of the ETA factory to show how a competency-oriented learning module for industrial transformation can be structured. It essentially comprises four phases: data collection and CO2 equivalents accounting, cause analysis, development of measures and evaluation of measures.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | Edition 2 | Pages 38-47 | DOI <a style=\"font-weight:bold !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30844\/I4SE.26.2.38\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.30844\/I4SE.26.2.38<\/a><\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- GITO_PUB_POST end flex-container -->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Existing factories face multiple problems due to their hierarchical structure of decision making and control. Cyber-physical systems principally allow to increase the degree of autonomy to new heights. But which degree of autonomy is really useful and beneficiary? This paper differentiates diverse definitions of autonomy and approaches to determine them. Some experimental findings in a lab environment help to answer the question raised in this paper.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":96619,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[79167,79168,79298],"tags":[80214],"product_cat":[],"topic":[67617,67701],"technology":[67717],"knowhow":[],"industry":[],"writer":[80397],"content-type":[],"potential":[],"solution":[],"glossary":[],"class_list":["post-93395","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","category-design-en","category-translate-en","category-typeset","tag-simulation-en","topic-adaptability","topic-production-system","technology-simulation-en","writer-norbert-gronau-en","product","first","instock","downloadable","virtual","sold-individually","taxable","purchasable","product-type-article"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788.jpg",1400,788,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788-666x375.jpg",666,375,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788-768x432.jpg",768,432,true],"large":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788-1024x576.jpg",1020,574,true],"front-page-entry":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788-1032x320.jpg",1032,320,true],"post-entry":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788-764x376.jpg",764,376,true],"post-teaser":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788-392x320.jpg",392,320,true],"post-teaser-mobile":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788-608x496.jpg",608,496,true],"post-custom-size":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788-640x325.jpg",640,325,true],"whitepaper-teaser":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788-274x376.jpg",274,376,true],"card-big":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788-514x292.jpg",514,292,true],"card-portrait":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788-320x440.jpg",320,440,true],"card-big-company":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788-514x289.jpg",514,289,true],"gp-listing":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788-196x180.jpg",196,180,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788.jpg",1400,788,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788.jpg",1400,788,false],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788-510x510.jpg",510,510,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788-510x287.jpg",510,287,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemessene-Grad-von-Autonomie-in-Cyber-Physischen-Produktionssystemen_IM-2018-6-1400x788-100x100.jpg",100,100,true],"dgwt-wcas-product-suggestion":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/gronau_Der-angemess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Brocks","author_link":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/author\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Existing factories face multiple problems due to their hierarchical structure of decision making and control. Cyber-physical systems principally allow to increase the degree of autonomy to new heights. But which degree of autonomy is really useful and beneficiary? This paper differentiates diverse definitions of autonomy and approaches to determine them. Some experimental findings in a&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/93395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/96619"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93395"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=93395"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=93395"},{"taxonomy":"technology","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/technology?post=93395"},{"taxonomy":"knowhow","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowhow?post=93395"},{"taxonomy":"industry","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/industry?post=93395"},{"taxonomy":"writer","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/writer?post=93395"},{"taxonomy":"content-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content-type?post=93395"},{"taxonomy":"potential","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/potential?post=93395"},{"taxonomy":"solution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/solution?post=93395"},{"taxonomy":"glossary","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary?post=93395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}