{"id":91803,"date":"2014-06-15T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-06-15T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/artikel\/analysis-of-labour-productivity-in-one-of-a-kind-production\/"},"modified":"2014-06-15T12:00:00","modified_gmt":"2014-06-15T12:00:00","slug":"analysis-of-labour-productivity-in-one-of-a-kind-production","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/analysis-of-labour-productivity-in-one-of-a-kind-production\/","title":{"rendered":"Analysis of Labour Productivity in One-of-a-kind Production"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Subscription<\/th>\nincluded<\/th>\nPurchase<\/th>\n
without<\/td>\n−<\/td>\n29,00 \u20ac<\/td>\n
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Learning Factories for the Future of Manufacturing in Brazil<\/h4>\n
Advancing manufacturing through technology and skills development<\/div> <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n
\n
\n\t\t\t \n\t\t\t <\/div>\nManufacturing firms in developing countries face challenges in closing productivity gaps while adopting Industry 4.0 technologies. Learning factories are one helpful approach to countering these challenges. One such example is the learning factory F\u00e1brica do Futuroin S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, which has engaged students, supported competence development, and collaborated with industry in applied research, functioning as a hub for advanced manufacturing initiatives. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n \n
\n \n \n \n \"Serious\n <\/picture>\n <\/div>\n
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Serious Gaming and the Energy Transition<\/h4>\n
Collaborative knowledge generation and interactive understanding of complex interrelationships<\/div>
Janine Gondolf<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Gert Mehlmann<\/a>, J\u00f6rn Hartung<\/a>, Bernd Schweinshaut<\/a>, Anne Bauer<\/a><\/div>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n
\n Conveying the complexity and multifaceted nature of the energy transition to a broad audience is a challenge. This article demonstrates how interactive serious games on a multitouch table can help make connections tangible and comprehensible. The games and the table were used in various conversational contexts. These are presented here in three case vignettes based on participant observation of the different applications, as well as situated and shared reflection. The vignettes demonstrate how interaction can trigger epistemic processes, enable shifts in perspective, and foster collective thinking, all of which are necessary for shaping the future of society as a whole. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 2 | Pages 62-69<\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n
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Experiencing Digital Twins in Production and Logistics<\/h4>\n
The fischertechnik\u00ae Learning Factory 4.0 as a development platform for possible expansion stages<\/div>
Deike Gliem<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Sigrid Wenzel<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Jan Schickram<\/a>, Tareq Albeesh<\/a><\/div>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n
\n The fischertechnik\u00ae Learning Factory 4.0 has proven to be a suitable experimental environment for testing digital twins. Depending on the targeted maturity stage, the functions of a digital twin range from status monitoring and forecasting to the operational control of production and logistics systems. To systematically classify these functions, this article presents a maturity model that serves as a framework for the development of a digital twin. Building on this, selected use cases are implemented in a test and development environment based on a system architecture with multi-layered logic structure. These initial implementations serve to highlight application purposes, relevant methods, and typical challenges and potentials in the transfer to real factory environments. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | Edition 2 | Pages 30-37 | DOI 10.30844\/I4SE.26.2.30<\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n
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\n \n \n \n \"Collaborative\n <\/picture>\n <\/div>\n
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Collaborative Robots in Production Environments<\/h4>\n
Employee qualification and acceptance for human-machine interaction<\/div>
Tobias Wienzek<\/a>, Mathias Cuypers<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a><\/div>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n
\n The introduction of new technologies poses a major challenge, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). At the same time, SMEs must rise to this challenge in order to keep pace technologically and economically. Employee acceptance is an important factor in ensuring that both the introduction and the long-term use of a technology are successful. At the same time, the introduction process also has a central influence on acceptance in the long term. This article uses the implementation of collaborative robotics as an example for examining such an introduction process, identifying the key factors that influence employee acceptance and the important role played by advanced employee training. It serves to highlight how the introduction process and employee training are seamlessly interlinked. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 2 | Pages 14-21 | DOI 10.30844\/I4SE.26.2.14<\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n
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\n \n \n \n \"XAI\n <\/picture>\n <\/div>\n
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XAI for Predicting and Nudging Worker Decision-Making<\/h4>\n
Feasibility and perceived ethical issues<\/div>
Jan-Phillip Herrmann<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Catharina Baier<\/a>, Sven Tackenberg<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Verena Nitsch<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a><\/div>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n
\n Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI)-based nudging, while ethically complex, may offer a favorable alternative to rigid, algorithmically generated schedules that simultaneously respects worker autonomy and improves overall scheduling performance on the shop floor. This paper presents a controlled laboratory study demonstrating the successful nudging of 28 industrial engineering students in a job shop simulation. The study shows that the observed concordance between students\u2019 sequencing decisions and a predefined target sequence increases by 9% through nudging. This is done by using XAI to analyze students\u2019 preferences and adjusting task deadlines and priorities in the simulation. The paper discusses the ethical issues of nudging, including potential manipulation, illusory autonomy, and reducing people to numbers. To mitigate these issues, it offers recommendations for implementing the XAI-based nudging approach in practice and highlights its strengths relative to rigid, ... <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 1 | Pages 70-78<\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n \n
\n \n \n \n \"Applied\n <\/picture>\n <\/div>\n
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Applied AI for Human-Centric Assembly Workplace Design<\/h4>\n
An ethics-informed approach<\/div>
Tadele Belay Tuli<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Michael Jonek<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a>, Sascha Niethammer<\/a>, Henning Vogler<\/a>, Martin Manns<\/a> \n \"ORCID<\/a><\/div>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n
\n Artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance smart assembly by predicting human motion and adapting workplace design. Using probabilistic models such as Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs), AI systems anticipate operator actions to improve coordination with robots. However, these predictive systems raise ethical concerns related to safety, fairness, and privacy under the EU AI Act, which classifies them as high-risk. This paper presents a conceptual method integrating probabilistic motion modeling with ethical evaluation via Z-Inspection\u00ae. An industrial case study using the Smart Work Assistant (SWA) demonstrates how multimodal sensing (motion, gaze) and interpretable models enable anticipatory assistance. The approach moves from ethics evaluation to ethics-informed work design, yielding transferable principles and a configurable assessment matrix that supports compliance-by-design in collaborative assembly. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 1 | Pages 60-68 | DOI 10.30844\/I4SE.26.1.58<\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Traditional productivity analysis has emerged in mass production and cannot be adopted one-to-one on One-of-a-kind production (OKP). Due to the non-repetitive character of the processes in OKP, productivity improvements do not reproduce like in mass production. In addition, preparatory activities such as orientation, material handling and positioning usually consume a lot more time than the actual value-adding activities in OKP. Therefore, OKP requires analysis methods that deliver: 1) a generic working cycle to enable repetitive productivity improvements; 2) activities of personnel in production processes, which include the preparatory activities. We introduce a state-oriented approach for productivity measurement in OKP. With a case study we show how to capture, visualize and evaluate state data of an OKP.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":97243,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[],"tags":[80211,69553,74396,74397],"product_cat":[3300],"topic":[67701],"technology":[67599],"knowhow":[],"industry":[],"writer":[82313,82074],"content-type":[],"potential":[],"solution":[67687],"glossary":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-91803","1":"article","2":"type-article","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"tag-lean-management-en","7":"tag-lean-management","8":"tag-one-of-a-kind-production","9":"tag-productivity-analysis","10":"product_cat-article","11":"topic-production-system","12":"technology-analytics-en","13":"writer-florian-tietze-en","14":"writer-hermann-loedding-en","15":"solution-process-management","16":"product","17":"first","18":"instock","19":"downloadable","20":"virtual","21":"sold-individually","22":"taxable","23":"purchasable","24":"product-type-article"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788.jpg",1400,788,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788-666x375.jpg",666,375,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788-768x432.jpg",768,432,true],"large":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788-1024x576.jpg",1020,574,true],"front-page-entry":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788-1032x320.jpg",1032,320,true],"post-entry":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788-764x376.jpg",764,376,true],"post-teaser":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788-392x320.jpg",392,320,true],"post-teaser-mobile":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788-608x496.jpg",608,496,true],"post-custom-size":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788-640x325.jpg",640,325,true],"whitepaper-teaser":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788-274x376.jpg",274,376,true],"card-big":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788-514x292.jpg",514,292,true],"card-portrait":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788-320x440.jpg",320,440,true],"card-big-company":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788-514x289.jpg",514,289,true],"gp-listing":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788-196x180.jpg",196,180,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788.jpg",1400,788,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788.jpg",1400,788,false],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788-510x510.jpg",510,510,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788-510x287.jpg",510,287,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788-100x100.jpg",100,100,true],"dgwt-wcas-product-suggestion":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tietze_Analyse-der-Arbeitsproduktivitaet-in-der-Unikatfertigung_IM_14-3-1400x788-64x36.jpg",64,36,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Christoph Brocks","author_link":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/author\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Traditional productivity analysis has emerged in mass production and cannot be adopted one-to-one on One-of-a-kind production (OKP). Due to the non-repetitive character of the processes in OKP, productivity improvements do not reproduce like in mass production. In addition, preparatory activities such as orientation, material handling and positioning usually consume a lot more time than the…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/91803","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/97243"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91803"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91803"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91803"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=91803"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=91803"},{"taxonomy":"technology","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/technology?post=91803"},{"taxonomy":"knowhow","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowhow?post=91803"},{"taxonomy":"industry","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/industry?post=91803"},{"taxonomy":"writer","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/writer?post=91803"},{"taxonomy":"content-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content-type?post=91803"},{"taxonomy":"potential","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/potential?post=91803"},{"taxonomy":"solution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/solution?post=91803"},{"taxonomy":"glossary","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary?post=91803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}