{"id":111915,"date":"2025-11-22T12:18:47","date_gmt":"2025-11-22T11:18:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/?post_type=article&#038;p=111915"},"modified":"2025-12-05T17:34:02","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T16:34:02","slug":"electric-trucks-pre-post-carriage","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/electric-trucks-pre-post-carriage\/","title":{"rendered":"Electric Trucks in Intermodal Terminal Pre- and Post-Carriage"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- GITO PUB shortened content start --><\/p>\n<div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-protected\"> Freight transport in Germany has experienced steady and strong growth in recent decades [1]. Despite the use of various modes of transport, road freight transport remains the dominant form of transport to this day [2]. Within rail freight transport, however, combined transport (CT) is showing above-average, dynamic growth. Forecasts up to 2026 assume continued double-digit growth rates, which underlines the increasing importance of CT as an environment-friendly alternative in the freight transport sector [3].   In 2022, pre and post-carriage in CT [4] accounted for 15% of road transport (303.9 million kilometres &#8230;<\/div>\n<p><!-- GITO PUB shortened content end --><\/p>\n<div style=\"display:block;text-align:center !important;margin:30px 0;\">\n<div style=\"display:inline-block;border:1px solid #555;padding:10px;max-width:600px;text-align:left;\">\n<h2 class=\"gito-pub-download-section\"><center>Access limited<\/center><\/h2>\n<p>You are currently <strong>not logged in \/ not yet registered<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>To read the content in full, you must have an appropriate subscription. Alternatively, you can also obtain access by paying a one-off fee.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<table style=\"width:90% !important;margin-left:5% !important;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Subscription<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:center !important;\">included<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right;\">Purchase<\/th>\n<tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>without<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:center !important;\">&#8722;<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:right;\">29,00 \u20ac<\/td>\n<tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Digital<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:center !important;\">&#8722;<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:right;\">27,55 \u20ac<\/td>\n<tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Expert<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:center !important;\"><span style=\"color:var(--company-color);font-weight:bold;font-size:16px;\">&#10003;<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:right;\">0,00 \u20ac<\/td>\n<tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Professional<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:center !important;\"><span 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href=\"\/potentials\/energy-efficiency\/\">Energy Efficiency<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/potentials\/resource-efficiency\/\">Resource Efficiency<\/a><\/span> <br>Solutions: <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/en\/functions\/logistics-technology\/\">Logistics Technology<\/a><\/span> \n<h2 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-headline\">You might also be interested in<\/h2>\n<!-- GITO_PUB_POST start flex-container -->\n<div class=\"gito-pub-flex-container\">\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/competence-assurance-for-the-verification-and-validation-of-simulation-models\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/wenzel_AdobeStock_1949138960_Omishu-Makes-640x325.png\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/wenzel_AdobeStock_1949138960_Omishu-Makes-196x180.png\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/wenzel_AdobeStock_1949138960_Omishu-Makes-196x180.png\" alt=\"Competence Assurance for the Verification and Validation of Simulation Models\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Competence Assurance for the Verification and Validation of Simulation Models\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">Competence Assurance for the Verification and Validation of Simulation Models<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">Requirements for AI-supported assistance in production and logistics<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/sigrid-wenzel-en\/\">Sigrid Wenzel<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9594-1839\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/felix-oezkul\/\">Felix \u00d6zkul<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4065-6808\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/robin-sutherland-en\/\">Robin Sutherland<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6684-0066\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     Can artificial intelligence be used to assess the validity and credibility of simulation models and data for production and logistics? And what requirements must AI assistance meet to effectively support experts in verification and validation while simultaneously safeguarding their competence? In an online survey, simulation experts were asked regarding their expectations and needs.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 5 | Pages 24-33 | DOI <a style=\"font-weight:bold !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30844\/I4SE.26.5.3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.30844\/I4SE.26.5.3<\/a><\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/supplier-selection-industry-4-0\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Ganesh_AdobeStock_1953691998_Vlad-Rakin-640x325.webp\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Ganesh_AdobeStock_1953691998_Vlad-Rakin-196x180.webp\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Ganesh_AdobeStock_1953691998_Vlad-Rakin-196x180.webp\" alt=\"Data-Driven Supplier Selection in Industry 4.0\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Data-Driven Supplier Selection in Industry 4.0\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">Data-Driven Supplier Selection in Industry 4.0<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">Towards an industrial platform for selection and configuration<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/purushothaman-ganesh\/\">Purushothaman Ganesh<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4245-467X\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/baris-e-albayrak\/\">Baris E. Albayrak<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1193-1279\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/joerg-franke-en\/\">J\u00f6rg Franke<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0700-2028\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/till-sindel\/\">Till Sindel<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3507-631X\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/jens-fuerst\/\">Jens F\u00fcrst<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/sebastian-lang\/\">Sebastian Lang<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3397-1551\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     Industrial supply chains must repeatedly reconfigure sourcing strategies in response to disruptions, yet supplier capability information remains heterogeneous and difficult to operationalize. Existing research addresses supplier selection, simulation, and interoperability standards separately, treating discovery, evaluation, and optimization as disconnected steps requiring manual data transformation. This paper presents a framework for a data-driven industrial platform integrating three components: Asset Administration Shell-based supplier profiles structured by an Actor-Service ontology for semantic discovery, automatic discrete-event simulation model generation from layout data for performance evaluation, and KPI-driven configuration using optimization algorithms. The main contributions are an end-to-end interoperable workflow, a two-tier supplier profile concept separating semantic descriptions from simulation parameters, and a standardized KPI interface maintaining consistency ...                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 4 | Pages 50-61 | DOI <a style=\"font-weight:bold !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30844\/I4SE.26.4.6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.30844\/I4SE.26.4.6<\/a><\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/digital-factory-planning-for-startups\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Isau-640x325.jpg\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Isau-196x180.jpg\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Isau-196x180.jpg\" alt=\"Digital Factory Planning for Startups\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Digital Factory Planning for Startups\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">Digital Factory Planning for Startups<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">A simulation-based production structure design<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/herwig-winkler-en\/\">Herwig Winkler<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4801-4861\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/tobias-isau\/\">Tobias Isau<\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     With the increasing complexity of production and logistics systems, traditional factory planning approaches are reaching their limits. In this context, digital factory planning offers a promising solution for enabling well-informed decisions, particularly during the  early planning phases. For startups, the optimal planning of a production facility is challenging, as they often operate with limited financial and infrastructural resources. This paper presents a methodological approach to digital factory planning that utilizes VR simulation for the layout planning of a factory hall for a young company in the solar industry. The proposed approach demonstrates how simulations can support the design of flexible production structures, particularly in startup environments.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 3 | Pages 68-75<\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/site-assessment-for-flexible-intralogistics-in-brownfield-sites\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Schierbaum_AdobeStock_1925965279_MaryAnn-640x325.webp\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Schierbaum_AdobeStock_1925965279_MaryAnn-196x180.webp\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Schierbaum_AdobeStock_1925965279_MaryAnn-196x180.webp\" alt=\"Site Assessment for Flexible Intralogistics in Brownfield Sites\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Site Assessment for Flexible Intralogistics in Brownfield Sites\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">Site Assessment for Flexible Intralogistics in Brownfield Sites<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">Innovative decision support in practice<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/jolanda-schierbaum\/\">Jolanda Schierbaum<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/carsten-feldmann-en\/\">Carsten Feldmann<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/lars-renhof\/\">Lars Renhof<\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-abo-sign gito-pub-login-register-link\" data-targetabo=\"expert\" data-targeturl=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/site-assessment-for-flexible-intralogistics-in-brownfield-sites\/\" title=\"please login or register - content can only be read in its entirety with a subscription  expert\">\n\t\t\t                         <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gito-publisher\/img\/i4s-login.png\">\n\t\t\t                      <\/div>Due to its dynamic environment, space planning in intralogistics is not a one-time task but a recurring decision-making process subject to numerous constraints imposed by existing infrastructure. Decisions are often based on incomplete data, resulting in a high risk of poor planning decisions and inefficient use of space. This paper presents a practice-oriented process model for space evaluation in brownfield projects. The proposed approach improves the standardization and consistency of space evaluation and promotes best practices among all stakeholders. By supporting systematic decision-making, the process model contributes to optimized planning and resource allocation, thereby reducing risks and avoiding costly implementation errors.The process model is demonstrated through a case study conducted at a commercial vehicle manufacturer.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 3 | Pages 124-133<\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/digital-twins-production-logistics\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_1784362718_Andrey-Popov-640x325.webp\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_1784362718_Andrey-Popov-196x180.webp\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_1784362718_Andrey-Popov-196x180.webp\" alt=\"Experiencing Digital Twins in Production and Logistics\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Experiencing Digital Twins in Production and Logistics\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">Experiencing Digital Twins in Production and Logistics<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">The fischertechnik\u00ae Learning Factory 4.0 as a development platform for possible expansion stages<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/jan-schickram\/\">Jan Schickram<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/tareq-albeesh\/\">Tareq Albeesh<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/deike-gliem-en\/\">Deike Gliem<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8098-334X\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/sigrid-wenzel-en\/\">Sigrid Wenzel<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9594-1839\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     The fischertechnik\u00ae Learning Factory 4.0 has proven to be a suitable experimental environment for testing digital twins. Depending on the targeted maturity stage, the functions of a digital twin range from status monitoring and forecasting to the operational control of production and logistics systems. To systematically classify these functions, this article presents a maturity model that serves as a framework for the development of a digital twin. Building on this, selected use cases are implemented in a test and development environment based on a system architecture with multi-layered logic structure. These initial implementations serve to highlight application purposes, relevant methods, and typical challenges and potentials in the transfer to real factory environments.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | Edition 2 | Pages 30-37 | DOI <a style=\"font-weight:bold !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30844\/I4SE.26.2.30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.30844\/I4SE.26.2.30<\/a><\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/loam-construction-wooden-shelving\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/AdobeStock_1209835783_andov-copie-640x325.webp\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/AdobeStock_1209835783_andov-copie-196x180.webp\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/AdobeStock_1209835783_andov-copie-196x180.webp\" alt=\"Loam Construction and Wooden Shelving\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Loam Construction and Wooden Shelving\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">Loam Construction and Wooden Shelving<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">A contribution to sustainability in warehouse logistics<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/viviano-de-giacomo\/\">Viviano De Giacomo<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4070-9499\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/nathalie-fritsch\/\">Nathalie Fritsch<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9857-5898\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/jakob-kennert\/\">Jakob Kennert<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8246-6443\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/authors\/dieter-uckelmann-en\/\">Dieter Uckelmann<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7657-3292\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-abo-sign gito-pub-login-register-link\" data-targetabo=\"expert\" data-targeturl=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/loam-construction-wooden-shelving\/\" title=\"please login or register - content can only be read in its entirety with a subscription  expert\">\n\t\t\t                         <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gito-publisher\/img\/i4s-login.png\">\n\t\t\t                      <\/div>This study examines the contribution of natural building materials, in particular loam and wood, to the sustainable development of logistics infrastructure, assessing ecological, economic, and technical dimensions across the entire life cycle. Potentials, restrictions, and supportive framework conditions are identified based on literature analyses and expert interviews. Wood proves to be technically mature and ecologically advantageous, especially in high rack construction, while loam offers high potential for energy- and resource-efficient construction. The study concludes with recommendations for research, policy, and practice to establish circular construction methods in logistics.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 41 | Edition 6 | Pages 82-89<\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- GITO_PUB_POST end flex-container -->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Electric trucks (e-trucks) play an important role in reducing CO\u2082 emissions especially on short distances in pre and post-carriage in combined road-rail freight transport (CT). Using the example of a CT terminal, this article highlights the logistical and energy challenges involved in using e-trucks to establish suitable charging infrastructures and ensuring a reliable power supply.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":111812,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[79167,79298],"tags":[],"product_cat":[79304],"topic":[79371],"technology":[79487],"knowhow":[],"industry":[69251,74079],"writer":[82121],"content-type":[83932],"potential":[71227,69462],"solution":[78673],"glossary":[],"class_list":["post-111915","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","category-design-en","category-typeset","product_cat-articles","topic-logistics","technology-energy-monitoring","industry-automotive-en","industry-renewable-energies","writer-ralf-elbert-en","content-type-article","potential-energy-efficiency","potential-resource-efficiency","solution-logistics-technology","product","first","instock","downloadable","virtual","sold-individually","taxable","purchasable","product-type-article"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan.jpeg",1400,788,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan-150x150.jpeg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan-666x375.jpeg",666,375,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan-768x432.jpeg",768,432,true],"large":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan-1024x576.jpeg",1020,574,true],"front-page-entry":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan-1032x320.jpeg",1032,320,true],"post-entry":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan-764x376.jpeg",764,376,true],"post-teaser":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan-392x320.jpeg",392,320,true],"post-teaser-mobile":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan-608x496.jpeg",608,496,true],"post-custom-size":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan-640x325.jpeg",640,325,true],"whitepaper-teaser":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan-274x376.jpeg",274,376,true],"card-big":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan-514x292.jpeg",514,292,true],"card-portrait":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan-320x440.jpeg",320,440,true],"card-big-company":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan-514x289.jpeg",514,289,true],"gp-listing":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan-196x180.jpeg",196,180,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan.jpeg",1400,788,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan.jpeg",1400,788,false],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan-510x510.jpeg",510,510,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan-510x287.jpeg",510,287,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan-100x100.jpeg",100,100,true],"dgwt-wcas-product-suggestion":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AdobeStock_544561574_Kalyakan-64x36.jpeg",64,36,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Florian Goldmann","author_link":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/author\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Electric trucks (e-trucks) play an important role in reducing CO\u2082 emissions especially on short distances in pre and post-carriage in combined road-rail freight transport (CT). Using the example of a CT terminal, this article highlights the logistical and energy challenges involved in using e-trucks to establish suitable charging infrastructures and ensuring a reliable power supply.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/111915","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/111812"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111915"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111915"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111915"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=111915"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=111915"},{"taxonomy":"technology","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/technology?post=111915"},{"taxonomy":"knowhow","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowhow?post=111915"},{"taxonomy":"industry","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/industry?post=111915"},{"taxonomy":"writer","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/writer?post=111915"},{"taxonomy":"content-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content-type?post=111915"},{"taxonomy":"potential","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/potential?post=111915"},{"taxonomy":"solution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/solution?post=111915"},{"taxonomy":"glossary","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary?post=111915"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}