{"id":108414,"date":"2025-04-15T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-15T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/?post_type=article&#038;p=108414"},"modified":"2025-03-29T12:25:08","modified_gmt":"2025-03-29T11:25:08","slug":"optimize-budgeting-digital-twins","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/optimize-budgeting-digital-twins\/","title":{"rendered":"Optimizing the Budgeting Process with Digital Twins"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enhanced predictability in the budgeting process<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Integrated IT systems and processes automated by workflows improve the predictability of planning data in the company. The traditional planning and budgeting process often ties up a lot of capacity in the controlling department. Digital twins in combination with dashboards and process mining can support companies in visualizing the actual state of the budgeting process as well as identifying and evaluating possible target states, using process simulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The planning and budgeting process&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;A budget is a formal, value-based plan set for a decision-making unit, outlining targets for a specific period with a defined level of commitment. The resulting budget for the next financial year includes the definition, setting and monitoring of formal targets. It describes the financial impact of actions and serves to achieve value-based results [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Traditional budgeting<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Horv\u00e1th, the traditional planning and budgeting process consists of 5 components (see Figure 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"624\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-1.jpg\" alt=\"Planning and budgeting process\" class=\"wp-image-108412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-1-601x375.jpg 601w, https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-1-768x479.jpg 768w, https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-1-468x292.jpg 468w, https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-1-510x318.jpg 510w, https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-1-64x40.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Figure 1: Planning and budgeting process [2].<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Budgeting typically starts in the sales area. Forecasting sales per product group at an early stage poses a significant challenge, as the current financial year and its sales figures are often not yet mapped in Controlling. The inventory, including the safety stock, is determined in the <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/reverse-logistics-supply-chain\/\">logistics<\/a> and production sector. In addition, it is essential to establish the number of active production sites\u00a0 and identify which systems are available and which investments in new machines are needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Personnel planning is a key parameter next financial year\u2019s budget. This involves determining the headcounts and capacities (full-time equivalents) within the company&#8217;s individual departments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The procurement area determines the materials of individual material groups A, B and C, as well as the raw materials and supplies (RHB) required in the production business. Thus, individual suppliers can be contacted and informed which items are likely to be ordered in the new financial year, at what quantity and at what time. Material purchasing is linked to stockpiling in commission and central warehouses.&nbsp; This facilitates the planning of stock levels, which are reflected in the balance sheet under the inventories item, encompassing all raw, auxiliary, and operating materials, as well as finished goods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first stage of action and quantity planning has thus been completed by planning various quantities such as the number of items to be produced, the number of staff employed and the number of existing and new machines.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The budgeting process is finalized in the second stage of Controlling and brought together with the management oncer the budget has been agreed upon. All completed planning templates from the specialist departments are imported into the system, ensuring that the core components of the income statement, cash flow statement and balance sheet are finalized. Many companies conduct their annual budgeting process based on historical data, often using tools such as Excel, due to the large volume of different data required. Very few companies use digital twins to map the budgeting process and describe it in more detail.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Innovative technologies to optimize the budgeting process<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">New technologies help speeding up the budgeting process and improve the predictability of planning data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/digital-twin-and-vertical-integration\/\">Digital twins<\/a> can be described as a virtual representation of a real product or process. In contrast to digital models and digital shadows, this innovative technology is based on a fully automated, two-way data exchange between the real and digital object (see Figure 2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"324\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-2.jpg\" alt=\"Digital Models \u2014 Digital Shadows \u2014 Digital Twins\" class=\"wp-image-108410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-2.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-2-764x248.jpg 764w, https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-2-768x249.jpg 768w, https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-2-514x167.jpg 514w, https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-2-510x165.jpg 510w, https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-2-64x21.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Figure 2: Digital Models \u2014 Digital Shadows \u2014 Digital Twins [3].<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are considerable differences in the definitions found in relevant literature [4]. However, the consensus is that the focus is on simulation and the development of infrastructural requirements, with the goal of establishing standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the traditional budgeting process is viewed as a model approach, digital twins can be used to enhance it: For example, digital budgeting can combine data as a &#8220;single source of truth&#8221; and use it throughout the entire life cycle. Actual, planned and target data can be supplemented with synthetic data for simulations. The artificially generated data sets can be used for scenarios to evaluate risks. This facilitates the design of what-if studies. They can also be used to generate forecast and prediction values [5]. Digital twins can be understood as a comprehensive framework for integrating g innovative technologies aimed at enabling process optimization and data-driven corporate management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modern BI tools with associated dashboards offer integrated and collaborative solutions for planning, simulation and forecasting. They can also be used to incorporate workflow, security and versioning mechanisms. Associated platforms combine data from different sources and eliminate the separation between reporting and planning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dashboards are suitable tools for understanding and using data and its correlations through visualization [6]. They are used in various areas, such as business intelligence, and incorporate various visual elements such as graphics, diagrams and charts to present information in an easily comprehensible manner. Effective dashboard design is crucial for communicating information clearly and efficiently, enabling users to make informed decisions and gain valuable insights from data. They can be generated based on design principles such as the International Business Communication Standards [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibcs.com\/ibcs-standards-1-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7<\/a>]. In combination with key figures, they enable decision support throughout the process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In recent years, process mining has established itself as a successful tool for process analyses [8]. While budgeting focuses on the content of financial planning and control, process mining can be used to analyze process flows in general. This approach is suitable for automatically analyzing existing business processes for variants and their efficiency (see Figure 3). Process mining therefore proves to be suitable for utilizing automation potential for planning and budgeting processes and for ensuring improved transparency in decision-making.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-3.jpg\" alt=\"Process mining concept\" class=\"wp-image-108408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-3.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-3-764x299.jpg 764w, https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-3-768x301.jpg 768w, https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-3-514x201.jpg 514w, https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-3-510x200.jpg 510w, https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Binder_Figure-3-64x25.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Figure 3: Process mining concept [9].<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Process mining is based on event logs, which record information about process activities, time stamps and the actors involved in combination with master data from upstream IT systems. Event logs with relevant attributes can be generated using suitable KPIs. Automatically generated actual process models enable the identification of discrepancies, bottlenecks and deviations from the intended process as part of process discovery. Conformance checking with a target process or permitted activities can be used to support internal controls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Process mining dashboards and links with other digital technologies (e.g. machine learning) can help to identify the causes of process inefficiencies or deviations. Budget process analyses can be conducted in real time to monitor process efficiency and identify areas for improvement. Overall, the automation capabilities of process mining can be used to increase process transparency, identify opportunities for improvement and optimize resource allocation. Advanced process mining tools also offer simulation capabilities to measure the potential impact of changes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Digital budgeting<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The tools that can be used within the traditional budgeting process may be integrated into a comprehensive concept combining a digital twin with a BI and process mining dashboard:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reporting sales figures for the following financial year poses problems for the sales department every year. Not all trade fairs have taken place yet, reports on sales figures for new products from the sales force are subjective and sales forecasts for the individual sales regions vary greatly. A basic digital interface of the sales system featuring the articles sold in the last 5 years creates clarity and can be used as a basis for the budgeting process in the next year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The time-consuming manual retrieval of planning data from individual sales areas is no longer necessary. This way, sales managers gain more time to increase sales in the last six months. The sales plan data for the upcoming year is automatically extracted and integrated into the digital twin concept using process mining software.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The automated visualization of actual process structures through process mining is particularly beneficial in logistics and production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Process visualization can serve as the basis for holistic business process management: Target activities, sub-processes and main processes can be modeled and used for process performance measurement as an innovative controlling tool [10]. Corresponding results can be used for budgeting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With personnel planning across the entire company, the process structures of the individual departments are linked to the planned capacities. As a result of an analysis, expensive personnel costs provide indications for optimization potential, which can ideally be integrated as a challenge in the budgeting process for the next financial year. Mapping the personnel planning process using digital twins is an effective approach. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a process-based digital twin strategy, target\/actual comparisons of material quantity and price against previous years can be effectively conducted during material procurement. Simulations reveal critical process deviations [11], such as when a supplier is unable to deliver due to a crisis and a switch to another supplier at a higher purchase price results in increased planned costs in the budgeting process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Improvements through process mining can be achieved at the end of budgeting processes, when the controlling department is required to make the planning data transparent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Challenges for digital budgeting<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Digital twins can be characterized as images of real products or processes and form the conceptual starting point of business intelligence and process mining solutions. In this model case, the budgeting process is to be completely transferred into the event log of a process mining tool. The so-called &#8220;Extraction-Transformation-Loading (ETL)&#8221; approach is a suitable solution for this: the ETL process enables companies to consolidate and standardize data from diverse sources, making it suitable for analyses and reporting.&nbsp; To accomplish this, it is essential to identify relevant data sources and establish the necessary IT interfaces, such as Application Programming Interfaces (APIs).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The process mining approach requires all steps to be logged with a time stamp and is based on so-called &#8220;Process-Aware Information Systems&#8221; (PAIS). These are software systems that manage and execute operational business processes based on process models [12].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The selection of suitable key figures is essential for the design of a business intelligence dashboard. Standardized design, functional requirements and usability also play an important role. This includes so-called &#8220;responsive design&#8221;, i.e. the ability to automatically adapt to different devices and screen sizes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From a business management perspective, planning data must be generated for budgeting to facilitate conducting target\/actual comparisons. Scenario-based simulation data is required to enhance the evaluation of future-oriented perspectives such as risk aspects.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Measuring success in digital budgeting processes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The definition of qualitative and quantitative key performance indicators (KPIs) is particularly relevant for dashboards, where these key figures can be integrated as values or graphics. In addition to the order processing and production time, the receivables processing time or budget entry time can be measured and optimized in the system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In terms of costs, key figures, such as personnel costs, costs of individual processes (purchasing costs or production and sales costs), are interesting and can ideally be compared with the previous year or the overall trend. Qualitative key figures, such as the complaint rate and the training rate play a significant role in&nbsp; simulating the budget for the upcoming financial year. Measures aimed at reducing the complaint rate and increasing the training rate must be cost-approved and incorporated into the budgeting process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Digital twins, dashboards and process mining require an understanding of processes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mapping and controlling company and order processing processes generally enhance transparency within the organization. In addition, integrating digital twins, dashboards and process mining in the budgeting process creates considerable potential for improvement [13]. Considerable preparatory work is required in the controlling area, including the creation of process visualization using appropriate tools and the development of relevant key performance indicators within dashboards.&nbsp; Fundamentally, gaining comprehensive insight into the actual processes is essential. This requires controllers to have a solid understanding of both key figures and processes.<\/p>\n<hr><div class=\"gito-pub-content-bibliography\"><h2>Bibliography <\/h2>[1] Hauer, G.; Ultsch, M.: Unternehmensf\u00fchrung kompakt. Munich2010.\r<br>[2] Horvath, P.; Gleich, R.; Seiter, M.: Controlling, 15th edition. Munich 2024.\r<br>[3] Singh, M.; Fuenmayor, E.; Hinchy, E.\u00a0P.; Qiao, Y.; Murray, N.; Devine, D.\u00a0M.: Digital Twin: Origin to Future. In: Applied System Innovation (2021) 4, DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/asi4020036.\r<br>[4] Klostermeier, R.; Haag, S.; Benlian, A.: Digitale Zwillinge. In: Meinhardt S.; Pflaum A.: Digitale Gesch\u00e4ftsmodelle \u2013 Edition 1. Wiesbaden 2019, pp. 255\u2013270.\r<br>[5] Morelli, F.; Schnabel, K.: Controlling: Predictive Analytics und Forecasting. In: WISU \u2013 Das Wirtschaftsstudium 51 (2022) 1, pp. 77-83, 111.\r<br>[6] Baars, H.; Kemper, H.-G.: Business Intelligence &amp; Analytics, 4. Edition. Wiesbaden 2021.\r<br>[7] International Business Communication Standards. URL: https:\/\/www.ibcs.com\/ibcs-standards-1-2\/, accessed 08.01.2025.\r<br>[8] Morelli, F.; No\u00e9, F.: Process Mining. In: WISU \u2013 Das Wirtschaftsstudium 10\/2024, pp. 921\u2013926, 942\u2013943.\r<br>[9] Celonis SE: Einf\u00fchrung zu Process Mining (EMS). In: Pr\u00e4sentationsunterlagen \u201e8c) Einf\u00fchrung zu Process Mining (EMS) \u201c,Celonis Academic Alliance, 41 pages, Munich 2023.\r<br>[10] Binder, B.\u00a0C.\u00a0K.; Morelli, F.: Innovative Controlling-Instrumente \u2013 agil und stimmig eingesetzt. In: Controller-Magazin 1 (2024), pp. 70\u201376.\r<br>[11] Nasca, D.; Munck, J.\u00a0C.: Controlling-Hauptprozesse: Einfluss der digitalen Transformation, Zukunft vs. Vergangenheit: Planung, Budgetierung und Forecast in Zeiten der digitalen Transformation. URL: https:\/\/www.haufe.de\/finance\/haufe-finance-office-premium\/controlling-hauptprozesse-einfluss-der-digitalen-transformation_idesk_PI20354_HI12076805.html, accessed 08.01.25.\r<br>[12] Van der Aalst, W.\u00a0M.\u00a0P.: Process-Aware Information Systems: Lessons to Be Learned from Process Mining. In: Jensen, K.; van der Aalst, W.\u00a0M.\u00a0P. (Ed.): Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency II. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, edition. 5460. Berlin Heidelberg 2009.\r<br>[13] Ehrich, J.: 4 Schritte: Erstellen Sie Ihren digitalen Zwilling mit Process Mining. 2010. URL: https:\/\/der-prozessmanager.de\/aktuell\/news\/process-mining-4-schritte-zum-digital-twin, accessed 27.12.2024.<\/div><br>Potentials: <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/potentials\/management-en\/\">Management<\/a><\/span> <div class=\"gito-pub-tags-social-share\" style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between;\"><div>Tags: <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/budgeting\/\">budgeting<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/controlling\/\">Controlling<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/dashboards\/\">Dashboards<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/digital-twins\/\">digital twins<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/performance-management\/\">Performance Management<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/process-management-en\/\">process management<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/process-mining\/\">Process Mining<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"gito-pub-tag-element\"><a href=\"\/tag\/process-oriented\/\">process-oriented<\/a><\/span> <\/div><div><div class=\"social-icons share-icons share-row relative\" ><a href=\"whatsapp:\/\/send?text=Optimizing%20the%20Budgeting%20Process%20with%20Digital%20Twins - https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/optimize-budgeting-digital-twins\/\" data-action=\"share\/whatsapp\/share\" class=\"icon button circle is-outline tooltip whatsapp show-for-medium\" title=\"Share on WhatsApp\" aria-label=\"Share on WhatsApp\"><i class=\"icon-whatsapp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/optimize-budgeting-digital-twins\/\" data-label=\"Facebook\" onclick=\"window.open(this.href,this.title,&#039;width=500,height=500,top=300px,left=300px&#039;); 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return false;\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"icon button circle is-outline tooltip linkedin\" title=\"Share on LinkedIn\" aria-label=\"Share on LinkedIn\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><i class=\"icon-linkedin\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><hr style=\"margin-top:0px;\">\n<h2 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-headline\">You might also be interested in<\/h2>\n<!-- GITO_PUB_POST start flex-container -->\n<div class=\"gito-pub-flex-container\">\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/digital-twins-production-logistics\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_1784362718_Andrey-Popov-640x325.webp\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_1784362718_Andrey-Popov-196x180.webp\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AdobeStock_1784362718_Andrey-Popov-196x180.webp\" alt=\"Experiencing Digital Twins in Production and Logistics\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Experiencing Digital Twins in Production and Logistics\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">Experiencing Digital Twins in Production and Logistics<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">The fischertechnik\u00ae Learning Factory 4.0 as a development platform for possible expansion stages<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"\/authors\/deike-gliem\/\">Deike Gliem<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8098-334X\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/sigrid-wenzel\/\">Sigrid Wenzel<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9594-1839\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/jan-schickram\/\">Jan Schickram<\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/tareq-albeesh\/\">Tareq Albeesh<\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     The fischertechnik\u00ae Learning Factory 4.0 has proven to be a suitable experimental environment for testing digital twins. Depending on the targeted maturity stage, the functions of a digital twin range from status monitoring and forecasting to the operational control of production and logistics systems. To systematically classify these functions, this article presents a maturity model that serves as a framework for the development of a digital twin. Building on this, selected use cases are implemented in a test and development environment based on a system architecture with multi-layered logic structure. These initial implementations serve to highlight application purposes, relevant methods, and typical challenges and potentials in the transfer to real factory environments.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | Edition 2 | Pages 30-37 | DOI <a style=\"font-weight:bold !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30844\/I4SE.26.2.30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.30844\/I4SE.26.2.30<\/a><\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/digital-competence-lab-dcl-for-speech-therapy\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/AdobeStock_37050264-640x325.jpeg\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/AdobeStock_37050264-196x180.jpeg\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/AdobeStock_37050264-196x180.jpeg\" alt=\"Digital Competence Lab (DCL) for Speech Therapy\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Digital Competence Lab (DCL) for Speech Therapy\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">Digital Competence Lab (DCL) for Speech Therapy<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">Designing a learning platform to advance digital skills<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"\/authors\/anika-thurmann\/\">Anika Thurmann<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9613-7834\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/antonia-weirich\/\">Antonia Weirich<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4953-1139\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/kerstin-bilda\/\">Kerstin Bilda<\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/fiona-doerr\/\">Fiona D\u00f6rr<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4696-5049\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/lars-toenges\/\">Lars T\u00f6nges<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6621-144X\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     The digital transformation of healthcare results in lasting changes in speech therapy. Smart technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) are creating new opportunities to ensure therapy quality, address care bottlenecks, and actively involve patients in exercise processes. At the same time, these developments are expanding the role of speech therapists, who increasingly use digital systems as supportive tools in addition to their core therapeutic tasks. Based on a feasibility study of the AI-supported application ISi-Speech-Sprechen in a real-world setting of complex Parkinson's therapy (PKT), this article outlines the key challenges associated with implementing smart technologies.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 1 | Pages 110-118 | DOI <a style=\"font-weight:bold !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30844\/I4SE.26.1.102\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.30844\/I4SE.26.1.102<\/a><\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/ai-industrial-quality-control\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Uenal_AdobeStock_1653851064_Stock-640x325.webp\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Uenal_AdobeStock_1653851064_Stock-196x180.webp\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Uenal_AdobeStock_1653851064_Stock-196x180.webp\" alt=\"AI Implementation in Industrial Quality Control\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"AI Implementation in Industrial Quality Control\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">AI Implementation in Industrial Quality Control<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">A design science approach bridging technical and human factors<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"\/authors\/erdi-unal\/\">Erdi \u00dcnal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2809-030X\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/kathrin-nauth\/\">Kathrin Nauth<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3457-102X\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/pavlos-rath-manakidis\/\">Pavlos Rath-Manakidis<\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/jens-poeppelbuss\/\">Jens P\u00f6ppelbu\u00df<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4960-7818\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/felix-hoenig\/\">Felix Hoenig<\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/christian-meske\/\">Christian Meske<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5637-9433\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     Artificial intelligence (AI) offers significant potential to enhance industrial quality control, yet successful implementation requires careful consideration of ethical and human factors. This article examines how automated surface inspection systems can be deployed to augment human capabilities while ensuring ethical integration into workflows. Through design science research, twelve stakeholders from six organizations across three continents are interviewed and twelve sociotechnical design requirements are derived. These are organized into pre-implementation and implementation\/operation phases, addressing human agency, employee participation, and responsible knowledge management. Key findings include the critical importance of meaningful employee participation during pre-implementation, and maintaining human agency through experiential learning, building on existing expertise. This research contributes to ethical AI workplace implementation by providing guidelines that preserve human ...                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 1 | Pages 120-127 | DOI <a style=\"font-weight:bold !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30844\/I4SE.26.1.112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.30844\/I4SE.26.1.112<\/a><\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/xai-predicting-nudging-decision\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Herrmann_AdobeStock_1849357106_InfiniteFlow-640x325.webp\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Herrmann_AdobeStock_1849357106_InfiniteFlow-196x180.webp\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Herrmann_AdobeStock_1849357106_InfiniteFlow-196x180.webp\" alt=\"XAI for Predicting and Nudging Worker Decision-Making\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"XAI for Predicting and Nudging Worker Decision-Making\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">XAI for Predicting and Nudging Worker Decision-Making<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">Feasibility and perceived ethical issues<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"\/authors\/jan-phillip-herrmann\/\">Jan-Phillip Herrmann<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8875-1890\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/catharina-baier\/\">Catharina Baier<\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/sven-tackenberg-en\/\">Sven Tackenberg<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7083-501X\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/verena-nitsch-en\/\">Verena Nitsch<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4784-1283\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI)-based nudging, while ethically complex, may offer a favorable alternative to rigid, algorithmically generated schedules that simultaneously respects worker autonomy and improves overall scheduling performance on the shop floor. This paper presents a controlled laboratory study demonstrating the successful nudging of 28 industrial engineering students in a job shop simulation. The study shows that the observed concordance between students\u2019 sequencing decisions and a predefined target sequence increases by 9% through nudging. This is done by using XAI to analyze students\u2019 preferences and adjusting task deadlines and priorities in the simulation. The paper discusses the ethical issues of nudging, including potential manipulation, illusory autonomy, and reducing people to numbers. To mitigate these issues, it offers recommendations for implementing the XAI-based nudging approach in practice and highlights its strengths relative to rigid, ...                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 1 | Pages 70-78<\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/documentation-nursing-care\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Berretta_AdobeStock_578980096_Seventyfour-640x325.jpg\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Berretta_AdobeStock_578980096_Seventyfour-196x180.jpg\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Berretta_AdobeStock_578980096_Seventyfour-196x180.jpg\" alt=\"Improving Documentation Quality and Creating Time for Core Activities\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Improving Documentation Quality and Creating Time for Core Activities\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">Improving Documentation Quality and Creating Time for Core Activities<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">Success factors for implementing AI-based documentation systems in nursing care<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"\/authors\/sophie-berretta\/\">Sophie Berretta<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2879-2164\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/elisabeth-liedmann\/\">Elisabeth Liedmann<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5294-2141\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/paul-fiete-kramer\/\">Paul-Fiete Kramer<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9602-4952\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/anja-gerlmaier\/\">Anja Gerlmaier<\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/christopher-schmidt\/\">Christopher Schmidt<\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     Demographic change is accompanied by both a growing demand for care and a shortage of qualified nursing staff. Consequently, AI-based technologies are increasingly becoming a focus of care-related innovations. Their aim is to reduce workload pressure, save time, and enhance the attractiveness of the nursing profession. Using the example of AI-supported documentation systems for admission interviews, this article examines to what extent such systems can contribute to improvements in work processes and care quality, focusing on the perspectives of nursing professionals and nursing experts. The results indicate potential for workload relief, enhanced documentation quality, and the reallocation of time resources toward direct patient care. However, realizing these potentials requires a human-centered and context-sensitive implementation approach.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 1 | Pages 154-160 | DOI <a style=\"font-weight:bold !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30844\/I4SE.26.1.146\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.30844\/I4SE.26.1.146<\/a><\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card gito-pub-flex-item gito-pub-flex-item-1\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/articles\/ai-assembly-workplace-design\/\">\n         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-row\">         <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column-image\">\n            <picture>\n               <source media=\"(max-width:640px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Tuli_AdobeStock_1665432467_Grispb-640x325.webp\">\n               <source media=\"(min-width:641px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Tuli_AdobeStock_1665432467_Grispb-196x180.webp\">\n               <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Tuli_AdobeStock_1665432467_Grispb-196x180.webp\" alt=\"Applied AI for Human-Centric Assembly Workplace Design\">\n            <\/picture>\n         <\/div>\n            <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-column\">               <div class=\"ellipsis\" style=\"height:166px !important;overflow:hidden;\" title=\"Applied AI for Human-Centric Assembly Workplace Design\">                  <table class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-header\">\n            \t     <tr>\n                        <td>                  \t\t   <h4 class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-title\" style=\"line-height:1.2em;\">Applied AI for Human-Centric Assembly Workplace Design<\/h4>\n                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-subtitle\">An ethics-informed approach<\/div>                        <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-author\"><a href=\"\/authors\/tadele-belay-tuli\/\">Tadele Belay Tuli<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6769-0646\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/michael-jonek\/\">Michael Jonek<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2489-6991\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/sascha-niethammer\/\">Sascha Niethammer<\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/henning-vogler\/\">Henning Vogler<\/a>, <a href=\"\/authors\/martin-manns\/\">Martin Manns<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1027-4465\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ORCID eintrag \u00f6ffnen.\" rel=\"noopener\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/assets\/vectors\/orcid.logo.icon.svg\" alt=\"ORCID Icon\" style=\"width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle;\"><\/a><\/div>\n                        <\/td>\n                     <\/tr>\n                  <\/table>\n                  <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-text\">\n                     Artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance smart assembly by predicting human motion and adapting workplace design. Using probabilistic models such as Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs), AI systems anticipate operator actions to improve coordination with robots. However, these predictive systems raise ethical concerns related to safety, fairness, and privacy under the EU AI Act, which classifies them as high-risk. This paper presents a conceptual method integrating probabilistic motion modeling with ethical evaluation via Z-Inspection\u00ae. An industrial case study using the Smart Work Assistant (SWA) demonstrates how multimodal sensing (motion, gaze) and interpretable models enable anticipatory assistance. The approach moves from ethics evaluation to ethics-informed work design, yielding transferable principles and a configurable assessment matrix that supports compliance-by-design in collaborative assembly.                  <\/div>\n               <\/div>\n               <div class=\"gito-pub-frontend-post-card-scientific\"><strong>Industry 4.0 Science<\/strong> | Volume 42 | 2026 | Edition 1 | Pages 60-68 | DOI <a style=\"font-weight:bold !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30844\/I4SE.26.1.58\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.30844\/I4SE.26.1.58<\/a><\/div>            <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- GITO_PUB_POST end flex-container -->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Traditional budgeting often resembles a marathon full of spreadsheets, manual reconciliations and time-consuming data collection. However, modern companies need agile, data-driven solutions that allow for transparency, efficiency and strategic foresight. Digital technologies such as digital twins, dashboards and process mining initiate this possibility: they transform the budgeting process from a static set of figures to a dynamic, simulation-capable management tool. Instead of getting lost in detailed work, companies can use them to analyze processes in real time, simulate scenarios and make well-informed decisions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":107993,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[79167,79168,79298],"tags":[84032,68931,83969,78520,72384,80251,74795,84033],"product_cat":[79304,3300],"topic":[67838,79333],"technology":[67599,79334,67717],"knowhow":[],"industry":[],"writer":[83966,83967],"content-type":[83932],"potential":[68057],"solution":[],"glossary":[],"class_list":["post-108414","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","category-design-en","category-translate-en","category-typeset","tag-budgeting","tag-controlling","tag-dashboards","tag-digital-twins","tag-performance-management","tag-process-management-en","tag-process-mining","tag-process-oriented","product_cat-articles","product_cat-article","topic-digital-twin","topic-process-optimization","technology-analytics-en","technology-business-model-en","technology-simulation-en","writer-bettina-c-k-binder","writer-frank-morelli","content-type-article","potential-management-en","product","first","instock","downloadable","virtual","sold-individually","taxable","purchasable","product-type-article"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512.jpeg",1400,788,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512-150x150.jpeg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512-666x375.jpeg",666,375,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512-768x432.jpeg",768,432,true],"large":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512-1024x576.jpeg",1020,574,true],"front-page-entry":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512-1032x320.jpeg",1032,320,true],"post-entry":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512-764x376.jpeg",764,376,true],"post-teaser":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512-392x320.jpeg",392,320,true],"post-teaser-mobile":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512-608x496.jpeg",608,496,true],"post-custom-size":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512-640x325.jpeg",640,325,true],"whitepaper-teaser":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512-274x376.jpeg",274,376,true],"card-big":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512-514x292.jpeg",514,292,true],"card-portrait":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512-320x440.jpeg",320,440,true],"card-big-company":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512-514x289.jpeg",514,289,true],"gp-listing":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512-196x180.jpeg",196,180,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512.jpeg",1400,788,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512.jpeg",1400,788,false],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512-510x510.jpeg",510,510,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512-510x287.jpeg",510,287,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512-100x100.jpeg",100,100,true],"dgwt-wcas-product-suggestion":["https:\/\/industry-science.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AdobeStock_321971512-64x36.jpeg",64,36,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Florian Goldmann","author_link":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/author\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Traditional budgeting often resembles a marathon full of spreadsheets, manual reconciliations and time-consuming data collection. However, modern companies need agile, data-driven solutions that allow for transparency, efficiency and strategic foresight. Digital technologies such as digital twins, dashboards and process mining initiate this possibility: they transform the budgeting process from a static set of figures to&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/108414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/107993"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=108414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=108414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=108414"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=108414"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=108414"},{"taxonomy":"technology","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/technology?post=108414"},{"taxonomy":"knowhow","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowhow?post=108414"},{"taxonomy":"industry","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/industry?post=108414"},{"taxonomy":"writer","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/writer?post=108414"},{"taxonomy":"content-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content-type?post=108414"},{"taxonomy":"potential","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/potential?post=108414"},{"taxonomy":"solution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/solution?post=108414"},{"taxonomy":"glossary","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industry-science.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary?post=108414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}